以下代码在Swift 1.2中编译:
class myClass {
static func myMethod1() {
}
class func myMethod2() {
}
static var myVar1 = ""
}
func doSomething() {
myClass.myMethod1()
myClass.myMethod2()
myClass.myVar1 = "abc"
}
静态函数和类函数的区别是什么?我应该用哪一个，什么时候用?
如果我尝试定义另一个变量类var myVar2 = ""，它会说:
类中还不支持类存储属性;你是说“静电”吗?
当支持此特性时，静态变量和类变量之间的区别是什么(即当两者都在类中定义时)?我应该用哪一个，什么时候用?
(Xcode 6.3)
当前回答
我在我的一个项目中也有这种困惑，我发现这篇文章非常有用。在我的操场上也试过，下面是总结。希望这有助于存储类型为static, final,class，重写类vars等的属性和函数。
class Simple {
init() {print("init method called in base")}
class func one() {print("class - one()")}
class func two() {print("class - two()")}
static func staticOne() {print("staticOne()")}
static func staticTwo() {print("staticTwo()")}
final func yesFinal() {print("yesFinal()")}
static var myStaticVar = "static var in base"
//Class stored properties not yet supported in classes; did you mean 'static'?
class var myClassVar1 = "class var1"
//This works fine
class var myClassVar: String {
return "class var in base"
}
}
class SubSimple: Simple {
//Successful override
override class func one() {
print("subClass - one()")
}
//Successful override
override class func two () {
print("subClass - two()")
}
//Error: Class method overrides a 'final' class method
override static func staticOne() {
}
//error: Instance method overrides a 'final' instance method
override final func yesFinal() {
}
//Works fine
override class var myClassVar: String {
return "class var in subclass"
}
}
这是测试样本:
print(Simple.one())
print(Simple.two())
print(Simple.staticOne())
print(Simple.staticTwo())
print(Simple.yesFinal(Simple()))
print(SubSimple.one())
print(Simple.myStaticVar)
print(Simple.myClassVar)
print(SubSimple.myClassVar)
//Output
class - one()
class - two()
staticOne()
staticTwo()
init method called in base
(Function)
subClass - one()
static var in base
class var in base
class var in subclass
其他回答
我在操场上尝试了米帕迪的回答和评论。我想分享它。给你。我认为米帕迪的回答应该被认可。
class A{
class func classFunction(){
}
static func staticFunction(){
}
class func classFunctionToBeMakeFinalInImmediateSubclass(){
}
}
class B: A {
override class func classFunction(){
}
//Compile Error. Class method overrides a 'final' class method
override static func staticFunction(){
}
//Let's avoid the function called 'classFunctionToBeMakeFinalInImmediateSubclass' being overriden by subclasses
/* First way of doing it
override static func classFunctionToBeMakeFinalInImmediateSubclass(){
}
*/
// Second way of doing the same
override final class func classFunctionToBeMakeFinalInImmediateSubclass(){
}
//To use static or final class is choice of style.
//As mipadi suggests I would use. static at super class. and final class to cut off further overrides by a subclass
}
class C: B{
//Compile Error. Class method overrides a 'final' class method
override static func classFunctionToBeMakeFinalInImmediateSubclass(){
}
}
关于面向对象编程，答案太简单了:
子类可以重写类方法，但不能重写静态方法。
除了你的帖子，如果你想声明一个类变量(就像你做的class var myVar2 = "")，你应该这样做:
class var myVar2: String {
return "whatever you want"
}
我在我的一个项目中也有这种困惑，我发现这篇文章非常有用。在我的操场上也试过，下面是总结。希望这有助于存储类型为static, final,class，重写类vars等的属性和函数。
class Simple {
init() {print("init method called in base")}
class func one() {print("class - one()")}
class func two() {print("class - two()")}
static func staticOne() {print("staticOne()")}
static func staticTwo() {print("staticTwo()")}
final func yesFinal() {print("yesFinal()")}
static var myStaticVar = "static var in base"
//Class stored properties not yet supported in classes; did you mean 'static'?
class var myClassVar1 = "class var1"
//This works fine
class var myClassVar: String {
return "class var in base"
}
}
class SubSimple: Simple {
//Successful override
override class func one() {
print("subClass - one()")
}
//Successful override
override class func two () {
print("subClass - two()")
}
//Error: Class method overrides a 'final' class method
override static func staticOne() {
}
//error: Instance method overrides a 'final' instance method
override final func yesFinal() {
}
//Works fine
override class var myClassVar: String {
return "class var in subclass"
}
}
这是测试样本:
print(Simple.one())
print(Simple.two())
print(Simple.staticOne())
print(Simple.staticTwo())
print(Simple.yesFinal(Simple()))
print(SubSimple.one())
print(Simple.myStaticVar)
print(Simple.myClassVar)
print(SubSimple.myClassVar)
//Output
class - one()
class - two()
staticOne()
staticTwo()
init method called in base
(Function)
subClass - one()
static var in base
class var in base
class var in subclass
Static和class都将方法与类关联，而不是类的实例。区别在于子类可以重写类方法;它们不能覆盖静态方法。
类属性以同样的方式起作用(子类可以重写它们)。
还有一个区别:类只能用于定义计算类型的类型属性。如果需要存储类型属性，请使用static。
使用static关键字定义类型属性。对于类类型的计算类型属性，可以使用class关键字来允许子类重写超类的实现。 https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/Properties.html
