这是如何使用sed健壮地进行多字符字符串的非贪婪匹配。假设你想改变每一个foo…Bar to <foo…Bar >，例如这个输入:

$ cat file
ABC foo DEF bar GHI foo KLM bar NOP foo QRS bar TUV

应该变成这样的输出:

ABC <foo DEF bar> GHI <foo KLM bar> NOP <foo QRS bar> TUV

要做到这一点，你将foo和bar转换为单独的字符，然后在它们之间使用这些字符的反字符:

$ sed 's/@/@A/g; s/{/@B/g; s/}/@C/g; s/foo/{/g; s/bar/}/g; s/{[^{}]*}/<&>/g; s/}/bar/g; s/{/foo/g; s/@C/}/g; s/@B/{/g; s/@A/@/g' file
ABC <foo DEF bar> GHI <foo KLM bar> NOP <foo QRS bar> TUV

在上述:

/ / @ @A / g;s / {/ @B / g;s/}/@C/g正在将{和}转换为输入中不存在的占位符字符串，这样这些字符就可以转换为foo和bar。 s / foo / {/ g;S /bar/}/g将foo和bar分别转换为{和} S /{[^{}]*}/<&>/g正在执行我们想要的操作-将foo…Bar到<foo…Bar > s /} /酒吧/ g;S /{/foo/g将{和}转换回foo和bar。 s / @C /} / g;s / @B / {/ g;s/@ a /@/g将占位符字符串转换回原始字符。

请注意，上面的方法并不依赖于输入中不存在的任何特定字符串，因为它在第一步中就制造了这样的字符串，它也不关心你想要匹配的任何特定regexp的哪个出现，因为你可以在表达式中使用{[^{}]*}尽可能多的次数来隔离你想要的实际匹配和/或使用seds数值匹配操作符，例如只替换第二个出现:

$ sed 's/@/@A/g; s/{/@B/g; s/}/@C/g; s/foo/{/g; s/bar/}/g; s/{[^{}]*}/<&>/2; s/}/bar/g; s/{/foo/g; s/@C/}/g; s/@B/{/g; s/@A/@/g' file
ABC foo DEF bar GHI <foo KLM bar> NOP foo QRS bar TUV

使用sed，我通常通过搜索除分隔符以外的任何东西来实现非贪婪搜索，直到分隔符:

echo "http://www.suon.co.uk/product/1/7/3/" | sed -n 's;\(http://[^/]*\)/.*;\1;p'

输出:

http://www.suon.co.uk

这是:

don't output -n search, match pattern, replace and print s/<pattern>/<replace>/p use ; search command separator instead of / to make it easier to type so s;<pattern>;<replace>;p remember match between brackets \( ... \), later accessible with \1,\2... match http:// followed by anything in brackets [], [ab/] would mean either a or b or / first ^ in [] means not, so followed by anything but the thing in the [] so [^/] means anything except / character * is to repeat previous group so [^/]* means characters except /. so far sed -n 's;\(http://[^/]*\) means search and remember http://followed by any characters except / and remember what you've found we want to search untill the end of domain so stop on the next / so add another / at the end: sed -n 's;\(http://[^/]*\)/' but we want to match the rest of the line after the domain so add .* now the match remembered in group 1 (\1) is the domain so replace matched line with stuff saved in group \1 and print: sed -n 's;\(http://[^/]*\)/.*;\1;p'

如果你想在域名后面加上反斜杠，那么在组中再加一个反斜杠来记住:

echo "http://www.suon.co.uk/product/1/7/3/" | sed -n 's;\(http://[^/]*/\).*;\1;p'

输出:

http://www.suon.co.uk/

使用纯(GNU) sed仍然有希望解决这个问题。尽管这不是一个通用的解决方案，在某些情况下，你可以使用“循环”来消除字符串中所有不必要的部分，就像这样:

sed -r -e ":loop" -e 's|(http://.+)/.*|\1|' -e "t loop"

-r:使用扩展的正则表达式(用于+和未转义的括号) 定义一个名为"loop"的新标签 -e:在sed中添加命令 "t loop":如果有成功的替换，则跳回标记"loop"

这里唯一的问题是它也会切掉最后一个分隔符('/')，但如果你真的需要它，你仍然可以在“循环”结束后简单地把它放回去，只需要在前面的命令行末尾追加这个额外的命令:

-e "s,$,/,"

另一种方法，不使用正则表达式，是使用字段/分隔符方法，如

string="http://www.suepearson.co.uk/product/174/71/3816/"
echo $string | awk -F"/" '{print $1,$2,$3}' OFS="/"

Sed不支持“非贪婪”操作符。

你必须使用“[]”操作符来排除“/”匹配。

sed 's,\(http://[^/]*\)/.*,\1,'

附注:不需要反斜杠"/"。

在sed中模拟惰性(非贪婪)量词

以及所有其他正则表达式口味!

Finding first occurrence of an expression: POSIX ERE (using -r option) Regex: (EXPRESSION).*|. Sed: sed -r ‍'s/(EXPRESSION).*|./\1/g' # Global `g` modifier should be on Example (finding first sequence of digits) Live demo: $ sed -r 's/([0-9]+).*|./\1/g' <<< 'foo 12 bar 34' 12 How does it work? This regex benefits from an alternation |. At each position engine tries to pick the longest match (this is a POSIX standard which is followed by couple of other engines as well) which means it goes with . until a match is found for ([0-9]+).*. But order is important too. Since global flag is set, engine tries to continue matching character by character up to the end of input string or our target. As soon as the first and only capturing group of left side of alternation is matched (EXPRESSION) rest of line is consumed immediately as well .*. We now hold our value in the first capturing group. POSIX BRE Regex: \(\(\(EXPRESSION\).*\)*.\)* Sed: sed 's/\(\(\(EXPRESSION\).*\)*.\)*/\3/' Example (finding first sequence of digits): $ sed 's/\(\(\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*\)*.\)*/\3/' <<< 'foo 12 bar 34' 12 This one is like ERE version but with no alternation involved. That's all. At each single position engine tries to match a digit. If it is found, other following digits are consumed and captured and the rest of line is matched immediately otherwise since * means more or zero it skips over second capturing group \(\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*\)* and arrives at a dot . to match a single character and this process continues. Finding first occurrence of a delimited expression: This approach will match the very first occurrence of a string that is delimited. We can call it a block of string. sed 's/\(END-DELIMITER-EXPRESSION\).*/\1/; \ s/\(\(START-DELIMITER-EXPRESSION.*\)*.\)*/\1/g' Input string: foobar start block #1 end barfoo start block #2 end -EDE: end -SDE: start $ sed 's/\(end\).*/\1/; s/\(\(start.*\)*.\)*/\1/g' Output: start block #1 end First regex \(end\).* matches and captures first end delimiter end and substitues all match with recent captured characters which is the end delimiter. At this stage our output is: foobar start block #1 end. Then the result is passed to second regex \(\(start.*\)*.\)* that is same as POSIX BRE version above. It matches a single character if start delimiter start is not matched otherwise it matches and captures the start delimiter and matches the rest of characters.

直接回答你的问题

使用方法#2(带分隔符的表达式)，你应该选择两个合适的表达式:

艾德:[^]\ / SDE: http:

用法:

$ sed 's/\([^:/]\/\).*/\1/g; s/\(\(http:.*\)*.\)*/\1/' <<< 'http://www.suepearson.co.uk/product/174/71/3816/'

输出:

http://www.suepearson.co.uk/

注意:对于相同的分隔符，这将不起作用。