如果你特别需要方法，你应该使用inspect.ismethod。

对于方法名:

import inspect
method_names = [attr for attr in dir(self) if inspect.ismethod(getattr(self, attr))]

对于方法本身:

import inspect
methods = [member for member in [getattr(self, attr) for attr in dir(self)] if inspect.ismethod(member)]

有时检查。isroutine也很有用(对于内置，C扩展，没有“binding”编译器指令的Cython)。

我已经完成了下面的函数(get_object_functions)，它接收一个对象(object_)作为它的参数，并返回一个包含对象类中定义的所有方法(包括静态方法和类方法)的列表(函数):

def get_object_functions(object_):
    functions = [attr_name
                 for attr_name in dir(object_)
                 if str(type(getattr(object_,
                                     attr_name))) in ("<class 'function'>",
                                                      "<class 'method'>")]
    return functions

好吧，它只是检查类的属性类型的字符串表示是否等于“<class 'function'>”或“<class 'method'>”，然后将该属性包含在函数列表中，如果那是True。

Demo

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def introduce(self):
        print(f'My name is {self.name}')

    @staticmethod
    def say_hi():
        print('hi')

    @classmethod
    def reproduce(cls, name):
        return cls(name, 0)


person = Person('Rafael', 27)
print(get_object_functions(person))

输出

['__init__', 'introduce', 'reproduce', 'say_hi']

要获得更简洁的代码版本，请访问https://github.com/revliscano/utilities/blob/master/get_object_functions/object_functions_getter.py

可以创建一个getAttrs函数，该函数将返回对象的可调用属性名

def getAttrs(object):
  return filter(lambda m: callable(getattr(object, m)), dir(object))

print getAttrs('Foo bar'.split(' '))

那就回来

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__',
 '__delslice__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', 
 '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', 
 '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', 
 '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', 
 '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', 
 '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 
 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

对于许多对象，你可以使用这段代码，用你感兴趣的对象替换'object':

object_methods = [method_name for method_name in dir(object)
                  if callable(getattr(object, method_name))]

我发现它在diveintopython.net(现在存档)，应该提供一些进一步的细节!

如果你得到一个AttributeError，你可以用这个代替:

getattr()不允许pandas风格的Python 3.6抽象虚拟子类。这段代码执行与上面相同的操作，并忽略异常。

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([[10, 20, 30], [100, 200, 300]],
                  columns=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
def get_methods(object, spacing=20):
  methodList = []
  for method_name in dir(object):
    try:
        if callable(getattr(object, method_name)):
            methodList.append(str(method_name))
    except Exception:
        methodList.append(str(method_name))
  processFunc = (lambda s: ' '.join(s.split())) or (lambda s: s)
  for method in methodList:
    try:
        print(str(method.ljust(spacing)) + ' ' +
              processFunc(str(getattr(object, method).__doc__)[0:90]))
    except Exception:
        print(method.ljust(spacing) + ' ' + ' getattr() failed')

get_methods(df['foo'])

打开Bash shell (Ubuntu上使用Ctrl + Alt + T)。在其中启动Python 3 shell。创建一个对象来观察的方法。只需要在后面加一个点，然后按Tab键两次，你就会看到如下内容:

user@note:~$ python3
Python 3.4.3 (default, Nov 17 2016, 01:08:31)
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import readline
>>> readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
>>> s = "Any object. Now it's a string"
>>> s. # here tab should be pressed twice
s.__add__(           s.__rmod__(          s.istitle(
s.__class__(         s.__rmul__(          s.isupper(
s.__contains__(      s.__setattr__(       s.join(
s.__delattr__(       s.__sizeof__(        s.ljust(
s.__dir__(           s.__str__(           s.lower(
s.__doc__            s.__subclasshook__(  s.lstrip(
s.__eq__(            s.capitalize(        s.maketrans(
s.__format__(        s.casefold(          s.partition(
s.__ge__(            s.center(            s.replace(
s.__getattribute__(  s.count(             s.rfind(
s.__getitem__(       s.encode(            s.rindex(
s.__getnewargs__(    s.endswith(          s.rjust(
s.__gt__(            s.expandtabs(        s.rpartition(
s.__hash__(          s.find(              s.rsplit(
s.__init__(          s.format(            s.rstrip(
s.__iter__(          s.format_map(        s.split(
s.__le__(            s.index(             s.splitlines(
s.__len__(           s.isalnum(           s.startswith(
s.__lt__(            s.isalpha(           s.strip(
s.__mod__(           s.isdecimal(         s.swapcase(
s.__mul__(           s.isdigit(           s.title(
s.__ne__(            s.isidentifier(      s.translate(
s.__new__(           s.islower(           s.upper(
s.__reduce__(        s.isnumeric(         s.zfill(
s.__reduce_ex__(     s.isprintable(
s.__repr__(          s.isspace(

假设我们有一个Python obj。然后查看它拥有的所有方法，包括那些被__包围的方法(魔术方法):

print(dir(obj))

要排除魔法内置，可以这样做:

[m for m in dir(obj) if not m.startswith('__')]