假设我们有一个Python obj。然后查看它拥有的所有方法，包括那些被__包围的方法(魔术方法):

print(dir(obj))

要排除魔法内置，可以这样做:

[m for m in dir(obj) if not m.startswith('__')]

可以创建一个getAttrs函数，该函数将返回对象的可调用属性名

def getAttrs(object):
  return filter(lambda m: callable(getattr(object, m)), dir(object))

print getAttrs('Foo bar'.split(' '))

那就回来

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__',
 '__delslice__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', 
 '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', 
 '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', 
 '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', 
 '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', 
 '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 
 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

获取任何对象的方法列表的最简单方法是使用help()命令。

help(object)

它将列出与该对象相关的所有可用/重要方法。

例如:

help(str)

对于许多对象，你可以使用这段代码，用你感兴趣的对象替换'object':

object_methods = [method_name for method_name in dir(object)
                  if callable(getattr(object, method_name))]

我发现它在diveintopython.net(现在存档)，应该提供一些进一步的细节!

如果你得到一个AttributeError，你可以用这个代替:

getattr()不允许pandas风格的Python 3.6抽象虚拟子类。这段代码执行与上面相同的操作，并忽略异常。

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([[10, 20, 30], [100, 200, 300]],
                  columns=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
def get_methods(object, spacing=20):
  methodList = []
  for method_name in dir(object):
    try:
        if callable(getattr(object, method_name)):
            methodList.append(str(method_name))
    except Exception:
        methodList.append(str(method_name))
  processFunc = (lambda s: ' '.join(s.split())) or (lambda s: s)
  for method in methodList:
    try:
        print(str(method.ljust(spacing)) + ' ' +
              processFunc(str(getattr(object, method).__doc__)[0:90]))
    except Exception:
        print(method.ljust(spacing) + ' ' + ' getattr() failed')

get_methods(df['foo'])

我相信你想要的是这样的:

一个对象的属性列表

内置函数dir()可以完成这项工作。

摘自Python shell的help(dir)输出:

dir(...) dir([object]) -> list of strings If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope. Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it. If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise the default dir() logic is used and returns: for a module object: the module's attributes. for a class object: its attributes, and recursively the attributes of its bases. for any other object: its attributes, its class's attributes, and recursively the attributes of its class's base classes.

例如:

$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> a = "I am a string"
>>>
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'>
>>>
>>> dir(a)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__',
'__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__',
'__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__',
'__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__',
'__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__',
'__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__',
'_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize',
'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find',
'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace',
'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition',
'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip',
'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title',
'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

你可以使用Python中预定义的dir()。

import module_name
dir(module_name)

你也可以把一个对象传递给dir() as

dir(object_name)

如果对象是预定义类(如int、str等)的对象，则会显示其中的方法(您可能知道这些方法是内建函数)。如果该对象是为用户定义的类创建的，它将显示该类中给出的所有方法。