我想知道在Doctrine2中处理多对多关系最好、最干净、最简单的方法是什么。

让我们假设我们有一张像Metallica的Master of Puppets这样的专辑，里面有几首歌。但请注意，这首歌可能会出现在不止一张专辑中，就像金属乐队的《Battery》——三张专辑都有这首歌。

因此，我需要的是专辑和曲目之间的多对多关系，使用带有一些附加列的第三个表(如指定专辑中的曲目位置)。实际上，正如Doctrine文档所建议的那样，我必须使用双一对多关系来实现该功能。

/** @Entity() */
class Album {
    /** @Id @Column(type="integer") */
    protected $id;

    /** @Column() */
    protected $title;

    /** @OneToMany(targetEntity="AlbumTrackReference", mappedBy="album") */
    protected $tracklist;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->tracklist = new \Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection();
    }

    public function getTitle() {
        return $this->title;
    }

    public function getTracklist() {
        return $this->tracklist->toArray();
    }
}

/** @Entity() */
class Track {
    /** @Id @Column(type="integer") */
    protected $id;

    /** @Column() */
    protected $title;

    /** @Column(type="time") */
    protected $duration;

    /** @OneToMany(targetEntity="AlbumTrackReference", mappedBy="track") */
    protected $albumsFeaturingThisTrack; // btw: any idea how to name this relation? :)

    public function getTitle() {
        return $this->title;
    }

    public function getDuration() {
        return $this->duration;
    }
}

/** @Entity() */
class AlbumTrackReference {
    /** @Id @Column(type="integer") */
    protected $id;

    /** @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Album", inversedBy="tracklist") */
    protected $album;

    /** @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Track", inversedBy="albumsFeaturingThisTrack") */
    protected $track;

    /** @Column(type="integer") */
    protected $position;

    /** @Column(type="boolean") */
    protected $isPromoted;

    public function getPosition() {
        return $this->position;
    }

    public function isPromoted() {
        return $this->isPromoted;
    }

    public function getAlbum() {
        return $this->album;
    }

    public function getTrack() {
        return $this->track;
    }
}

样本数据:

             Album
+----+--------------------------+
| id | title                    |
+----+--------------------------+
|  1 | Master of Puppets        |
|  2 | The Metallica Collection |
+----+--------------------------+

               Track
+----+----------------------+----------+
| id | title                | duration |
+----+----------------------+----------+
|  1 | Battery              | 00:05:13 |
|  2 | Nothing Else Matters | 00:06:29 |
|  3 | Damage Inc.          | 00:05:33 |
+----+----------------------+----------+

              AlbumTrackReference
+----+----------+----------+----------+------------+
| id | album_id | track_id | position | isPromoted |
+----+----------+----------+----------+------------+
|  1 |        1 |        2 |        2 |          1 |
|  2 |        1 |        3 |        1 |          0 |
|  3 |        1 |        1 |        3 |          0 |
|  4 |        2 |        2 |        1 |          0 |
+----+----------+----------+----------+------------+

现在我可以显示一个与它们相关的专辑和曲目列表:

$dql = '
    SELECT   a, tl, t
    FROM     Entity\Album a
    JOIN     a.tracklist tl
    JOIN     tl.track t
    ORDER BY tl.position ASC
';

$albums = $em->createQuery($dql)->getResult();

foreach ($albums as $album) {
    echo $album->getTitle() . PHP_EOL;

    foreach ($album->getTracklist() as $track) {
        echo sprintf("\t#%d - %-20s (%s) %s\n", 
            $track->getPosition(),
            $track->getTrack()->getTitle(),
            $track->getTrack()->getDuration()->format('H:i:s'),
            $track->isPromoted() ? ' - PROMOTED!' : ''
        );
    }   
}

结果正如我所期待的，即:一个专辑列表，其中的歌曲按适当的顺序排列，推广的歌曲被标记为推广。

The Metallica Collection
    #1 - Nothing Else Matters (00:06:29) 
Master of Puppets
    #1 - Damage Inc.          (00:05:33) 
    #2 - Nothing Else Matters (00:06:29)  - PROMOTED!
    #3 - Battery              (00:05:13) 

怎么了?

这段代码说明了哪里出了问题:

foreach ($album->getTracklist() as $track) {
    echo $track->getTrack()->getTitle();
}

Album::getTracklist()返回一个AlbumTrackReference对象数组，而不是Track对象。我不能创建代理方法因为如果专辑和轨道都有getTitle()方法呢?我可以在Album::getTracklist()方法中做一些额外的处理，但最简单的方法是什么?我有必要写这样的东西吗?

public function getTracklist() {
    $tracklist = array();

    foreach ($this->tracklist as $key => $trackReference) {
        $tracklist[$key] = $trackReference->getTrack();

        $tracklist[$key]->setPosition($trackReference->getPosition());
        $tracklist[$key]->setPromoted($trackReference->isPromoted());
    }

    return $tracklist;
}

// And some extra getters/setters in Track class

EDIT

@beberlei建议使用代理方法:

class AlbumTrackReference {
    public function getTitle() {
        return $this->getTrack()->getTitle()
    }
}

这将是一个好主意，但我使用的“引用对象”从双方:$album->getTracklist()[12]->getTitle()和$track->getAlbums()[1]->getTitle()，所以getTitle()方法应该根据调用的上下文返回不同的数据。

我将不得不做一些类似的事情:

 getTracklist() {
     foreach ($this->tracklist as $trackRef) { $trackRef->setContext($this); }
 }

 // ....

 getAlbums() {
     foreach ($this->tracklist as $trackRef) { $trackRef->setContext($this); }
 }

 // ...

 AlbumTrackRef::getTitle() {
      return $this->{$this->context}->getTitle();
 }

这不是一个很干净的方法。