Python变量存储对表示该值的目标对象的无类型引用。

任何赋值操作都意味着将未类型化的引用赋值给已赋值的对象——即对象通过原始引用和新引用(已计数)共享。

值类型绑定到目标对象，而不是引用值。(强)类型检查是在执行带有该值的操作(运行时)时执行的。

换句话说，变量(技术上)没有类型——如果想要精确，那么按照变量类型来考虑是没有意义的。但是引用是自动解除引用的我们实际上是根据目标对象的类型来考虑的。

class testme(object):
    ''' A test object '''
    def __init__(self):
        self.y = 0

def f(aTestMe1, aTestMe2):
    return aTestMe1.y + aTestMe2.y




c = testme            #get a variable to the class
c.x = 10              #add an attribute x inital value 10
c.y = 4               #change the default attribute value of y to 4

t = testme()          # declare t to be an instance object of testme
r = testme()          # declare r to be an instance object of testme

t.y = 6               # set t.y to a number
r.y = 7               # set r.y to a number

print(f(r,t))         # call function designed to operate on testme objects

r.y = "I am r.y"      # redefine r.y to be a string

print(f(r,t))         #POW!!!!  not good....

在一个大型系统中，上述情况会在很长一段时间内造成代码不可维护的噩梦。随便你怎么称呼它，但“动态”改变变量类型的能力只是一个坏主意……

这个问题已经回答过几次了，但Python是一种强类型语言:

>>> x = 3
>>> y = '4'
>>> print(x+y)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

JavaScript代码:

var x = 3    
var y = '4'
alert(x + y) //Produces "34"

这就是弱类型和强类型的区别。弱类型自动尝试从一种类型转换为另一种类型，这取决于上下文(例如Perl)。强类型从不隐式转换。

您的困惑在于误解了Python如何将值绑定到名称(通常称为变量)。

在Python中，名称没有类型，所以你可以这样做:

bob = 1
bob = "bob"
bob = "An Ex-Parrot!"

名字可以绑定到任何东西上:

>>> def spam():
...     print("Spam, spam, spam, spam")
...
>>> spam_on_eggs = spam
>>> spam_on_eggs()
Spam, spam, spam, spam

欲进一步阅读:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_dispatch

还有稍微相关但更高级的:

http://effbot.org/zone/call-by-object.htm

现有的答案大多同意Python是一种强类型语言，因为它不会隐式地将值从一种类型转换为另一种类型。这些答案提到了将字符串添加到整数的情况来支持这种说法;"foo" + 3在Python中引发TypeError，而在Javascript(通常被认为是弱类型语言)中，数字3隐式转换为字符串，然后连接，因此结果是字符串"foo3"。

但在其他一些情况下，Python确实会执行隐式类型转换:

# implicit conversion from int to float
1 + 1.0

# implicit conversion from list to bool
if []: pass

相比之下，f#(通常被认为是强类型语言)不允许这两种:

  1 + 1.0;;
  ----^^^
error FS0001: The type 'float' does not match the type 'int'

  if [] then 1 else 2;;
  ---^^
error FS0001: This expression was expected to have type bool but here has type 'a list  

因此，“强类型”和“弱类型”语言并没有严格的二分法，相反，我们可以说Python比Javascript更强类型，但没有f#强类型。

Python是强类型的，因为它没有未检查的动态类型错误。换句话说，您不能违反它的类型系统。

定义

Type: set of values. It partially defines the intended usage (behaviour) of its values. It can be specified in extension with an enumeration or in intension with a predicate. Type system: system checking that values are used as intended, avoiding undefined behaviour partially. Undefined behaviour should be avoided because it can lead to late program crash or silent loss of data and production of incorrect results. Typed language: language with a type system. Type error: program error checkable by a type system. Expression: program text denoting a value. Static/dynamic type: compile-time/run-time type of an expression. The run-time type of an expression is the type of the value that it denotes. Static/dynamic type system: type system checking static/dynamic types. Statically/dynamically typed language: language with a static/dynamic type system. Static/dynamic type error: program error checkable by a static/dynamic type system. Weakly/strongly typed language: language with/without unchecked dynamic type errors. Statically typed, dynamically typed, or both imply strongly typed. Monomorphic/polymorphic expression: expression having a single dynamic type/multiple dynamic types. A monomorphic expression has single intended usage, and a polymorphic expression has multiple intended usage. Universal/ad-hoc polymorphic expression: real/virtual polymorphic expression. A real polymorphic expression denotes a single value that has multiple types, and a virtual polymorphic expression denotes multiple values that have single types. Parametric/inclusion polymorphic expression: universal polymorphic expression based on generic types/subtypes of a type (e.g. the C++ expression & denotes a single T* (T&) operator value where T is a generic type/the C++ expression std::exception denotes a single S class value where S is a generic subtype of std::exception). Overloading/coercion polymorphic expression: ad-hoc polymorphic expression based on expression/value conversion (e.g. the C++ expression + denotes int (int&, int&) and float (float&, float&) operator values/the C++ expression 3.5 denotes float and bool values).

参考

Cardelli (Luca)， Wegner (Peter)，“关于理解类型，数据抽象和多态性”，计算调查，第17卷，第4期，1985，第471-523页，DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/6041.6042。

术语“强类型”没有明确的定义。

因此，这个词的使用取决于你和谁说话。

我不认为任何没有显式声明变量类型或没有静态类型的语言是强类型的。

强类型不只是排除转换(例如，“自动”将整数转换为字符串)。它排除了赋值(即改变变量的类型)。

如果以下代码编译(解释)，则该语言不是强类型的:

Foo = 1 Foo = "1"

在强类型语言中，程序员可以“依赖”类型。

例如，如果程序员看到声明，

UINT64 kZarkCount;

并且他或她知道20行之后，kZarkCount仍然是UINT64(只要它出现在同一个块中)——而不必检查中间的代码。