这是对富田裕治‘富田’的改进回答。

import subprocess

def get_git_revision_hash():
    full_hash = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])
    full_hash = str(full_hash, "utf-8").strip()
    return full_hash

def get_git_revision_short_hash():
    short_hash = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])
    short_hash = str(short_hash, "utf-8").strip()
    return short_hash

print(get_git_revision_hash())
print(get_git_revision_short_hash())

如果subprocess是不可移植的，并且你不想安装一个包来做这么简单的事情，你也可以这样做。

import pathlib

def get_git_revision(base_path):
    git_dir = pathlib.Path(base_path) / '.git'
    with (git_dir / 'HEAD').open('r') as head:
        ref = head.readline().split(' ')[-1].strip()

    with (git_dir / ref).open('r') as git_hash:
        return git_hash.readline().strip()

我只测试了这个在我的回购，但它似乎工作相当稳定。

不需要自己从git命令中获取数据。GitPython是一种很好的方式来做到这一点，还有很多其他git的东西。它甚至有对Windows的“尽最大努力”支持。

在pip安装gitpython之后你就可以做了

import git
repo = git.Repo(search_parent_directories=True)
sha = repo.head.object.hexsha

使用这个库时需要考虑的一些问题。以下文件摘自gitpython.readthedocs.io

Leakage of System Resources GitPython is not suited for long-running processes (like daemons) as it tends to leak system resources. It was written in a time where destructors (as implemented in the __del__ method) still ran deterministically. In case you still want to use it in such a context, you will want to search the codebase for __del__ implementations and call these yourself when you see fit. Another way assure proper cleanup of resources is to factor out GitPython into a separate process which can be dropped periodically

下面是格雷格更完整的回答:

import subprocess
print(subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--always"]).strip().decode())

或者，如果脚本从repo外部被调用:

import subprocess, os
print(subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--always"], cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))).strip().decode())

或者，如果脚本是从repo外部调用的，而你喜欢pathlib:

import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
print(subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--always"], cwd=Path(__file__).resolve().parent).strip().decode())

Numpy在setup.py中有一个漂亮的多平台例程:

import os
import subprocess

# Return the git revision as a string
def git_version():
    def _minimal_ext_cmd(cmd):
        # construct minimal environment
        env = {}
        for k in ['SYSTEMROOT', 'PATH']:
            v = os.environ.get(k)
            if v is not None:
                env[k] = v
        # LANGUAGE is used on win32
        env['LANGUAGE'] = 'C'
        env['LANG'] = 'C'
        env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
        out = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, env=env).communicate()[0]
        return out

    try:
        out = _minimal_ext_cmd(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])
        GIT_REVISION = out.strip().decode('ascii')
    except OSError:
        GIT_REVISION = "Unknown"

    return GIT_REVISION

如果你想要比哈希多一点的数据，你可以使用git-log:

import subprocess

def get_git_hash():
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'log', '-n', '1', '--pretty=tformat:%H']).strip()

def get_git_short_hash():
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'log', '-n', '1', '--pretty=tformat:%h']).strip()

def get_git_short_hash_and_commit_date():
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'log', '-n', '1', '--pretty=tformat:%h-%ad', '--date=short']).strip()

关于格式化选项的完整列表-查看git log——help