如果您的WS-RS需求引发错误，为什么不直接使用WebApplicationException呢?

@GET
@Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML })
@Path("{id}")
public MyEntity getFoo(@PathParam("id") long id,  @QueryParam("lang")long idLanguage) {

if (idLanguage== 0){
    // No URL parameter idLanguage was sent
    ResponseBuilder builder = Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
    builder.entity("Missing idLanguage parameter on request");
    Response response = builder.build();
    throw new WebApplicationException(response);
    }
... //other stuff to return my entity
return myEntity;
}

The answer by hisdrewness will work, but it modifies the whole approach to letting a provider such as Jackson+JAXB automatically convert your returned object to some output format such as JSON. Inspired by an Apache CXF post (which uses a CXF-specific class) I've found one way to set the response code that should work in any JAX-RS implementation: inject an HttpServletResponse context and manually set the response code. For example, here is how to set the response code to CREATED when appropriate.

@Path("/foos/{fooId}")
@PUT
@Consumes("application/json")
@Produces("application/json")
public Foo setFoo(@PathParam("fooID") final String fooID, final Foo foo, @Context final HttpServletResponse response)
{
  //TODO store foo in persistent storage
  if(itemDidNotExistBefore) //return 201 only if new object; TODO app-specific logic
  {
    response.setStatus(Response.Status.CREATED.getStatusCode());
  }
  return foo;  //TODO get latest foo from storage if needed
}

改进:在找到另一个相关的答案后，我了解到可以将HttpServletResponse作为成员变量注入，甚至对于单例服务类(至少在RESTEasy中)!!这是一种比用实现细节污染API更好的方法。它看起来是这样的:

@Context  //injected response proxy supporting multiple threads
private HttpServletResponse response;

@Path("/foos/{fooId}")
@PUT
@Consumes("application/json")
@Produces("application/json")
public Foo setFoo(@PathParam("fooID") final String fooID, final Foo foo)
{
  //TODO store foo in persistent storage
  if(itemDidNotExistBefore) //return 201 only if new object; TODO app-specific logic
  {
    response.setStatus(Response.Status.CREATED.getStatusCode());
  }
  return foo;  //TODO get latest foo from storage if needed
}

我没有使用JAX-RS，但我有一个类似的场景，我使用:

response.setStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value());

如果您希望保持资源层的响应对象干净，那么我建议您使用@NameBinding和绑定到ContainerResponseFilter的实现。

下面是注释的主要内容:

package my.webservice.annotations.status;

import javax.ws.rs.NameBinding;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@NameBinding
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Status {
  int CREATED = 201;
  int value();
}

这是过滤器的核心部分:

package my.webservice.interceptors.status;

import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseContext;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseFilter;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
import java.io.IOException;

@Provider
public class StatusFilter implements ContainerResponseFilter {

  @Override
  public void filter(ContainerRequestContext containerRequestContext, ContainerResponseContext containerResponseContext) throws IOException {
    if (containerResponseContext.getStatus() == 200) {
      for (Annotation annotation : containerResponseContext.getEntityAnnotations()) {
        if(annotation instanceof Status){
          containerResponseContext.setStatus(((Status) annotation).value());
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

然后你的资源的实现就变成了:

package my.webservice.resources;

import my.webservice.annotations.status.StatusCreated;
import javax.ws.rs.*;

@Path("/my-resource-path")
public class MyResource{
  @POST
  @Status(Status.CREATED)
  public boolean create(){
    return true;
  }
}

如果您的WS-RS需求引发错误，为什么不直接使用WebApplicationException呢?

@GET
@Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML })
@Path("{id}")
public MyEntity getFoo(@PathParam("id") long id,  @QueryParam("lang")long idLanguage) {

if (idLanguage== 0){
    // No URL parameter idLanguage was sent
    ResponseBuilder builder = Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
    builder.entity("Missing idLanguage parameter on request");
    Response response = builder.build();
    throw new WebApplicationException(response);
    }
... //other stuff to return my entity
return myEntity;
}

请看这里的例子，它最好地说明了这个问题，以及在Jersey的最新(2.3.1)版本中是如何解决的。

https://jersey.java.net/documentation/latest/representations.html#d0e3586

它基本上包括定义一个自定义Exception并将返回类型保留为实体。当出现错误时，抛出异常，否则，返回POJO。