如果您的WS-RS需求引发错误，为什么不直接使用WebApplicationException呢?

@GET
@Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML })
@Path("{id}")
public MyEntity getFoo(@PathParam("id") long id,  @QueryParam("lang")long idLanguage) {

if (idLanguage== 0){
    // No URL parameter idLanguage was sent
    ResponseBuilder builder = Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
    builder.entity("Missing idLanguage parameter on request");
    Response response = builder.build();
    throw new WebApplicationException(response);
    }
... //other stuff to return my entity
return myEntity;
}

The answer by hisdrewness will work, but it modifies the whole approach to letting a provider such as Jackson+JAXB automatically convert your returned object to some output format such as JSON. Inspired by an Apache CXF post (which uses a CXF-specific class) I've found one way to set the response code that should work in any JAX-RS implementation: inject an HttpServletResponse context and manually set the response code. For example, here is how to set the response code to CREATED when appropriate.

@Path("/foos/{fooId}")
@PUT
@Consumes("application/json")
@Produces("application/json")
public Foo setFoo(@PathParam("fooID") final String fooID, final Foo foo, @Context final HttpServletResponse response)
{
  //TODO store foo in persistent storage
  if(itemDidNotExistBefore) //return 201 only if new object; TODO app-specific logic
  {
    response.setStatus(Response.Status.CREATED.getStatusCode());
  }
  return foo;  //TODO get latest foo from storage if needed
}

改进:在找到另一个相关的答案后，我了解到可以将HttpServletResponse作为成员变量注入，甚至对于单例服务类(至少在RESTEasy中)!!这是一种比用实现细节污染API更好的方法。它看起来是这样的:

@Context  //injected response proxy supporting multiple threads
private HttpServletResponse response;

@Path("/foos/{fooId}")
@PUT
@Consumes("application/json")
@Produces("application/json")
public Foo setFoo(@PathParam("fooID") final String fooID, final Foo foo)
{
  //TODO store foo in persistent storage
  if(itemDidNotExistBefore) //return 201 only if new object; TODO app-specific logic
  {
    response.setStatus(Response.Status.CREATED.getStatusCode());
  }
  return foo;  //TODO get latest foo from storage if needed
}

请看这里的例子，它最好地说明了这个问题，以及在Jersey的最新(2.3.1)版本中是如何解决的。

https://jersey.java.net/documentation/latest/representations.html#d0e3586

它基本上包括定义一个自定义Exception并将返回类型保留为实体。当出现错误时，抛出异常，否则，返回POJO。

JAX-RS支持标准/自定义HTTP代码。参见ResponseBuilder和ResponseStatus，例如:

http://jackson.codehaus.org/javadoc/jax-rs/1.0/javax/ws/rs/core/Response.ResponseBuilder.html#status%28javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status%29

请记住，JSON信息更多的是与资源/应用程序关联的数据。HTTP代码更多的是关于被请求的CRUD操作的状态。(至少在REST-ful系统中是这样的)

如果您希望因为异常而更改状态代码，可以使用JAX-RS 2.0实现类似这样的ExceptionMapper。它为整个应用程序处理这种异常。

@Provider
public class UnauthorizedExceptionMapper implements ExceptionMapper<EJBAccessException> {

    @Override
    public Response toResponse(EJBAccessException exception) {
        return Response.status(Response.Status.UNAUTHORIZED.getStatusCode()).build();
    }

}

这里有一个例子:

@GET
@Path("retrieve/{uuid}")
public Response retrieveSomething(@PathParam("uuid") String uuid) {
    if(uuid == null || uuid.trim().length() == 0) {
        return Response.serverError().entity("UUID cannot be blank").build();
    }
    Entity entity = service.getById(uuid);
    if(entity == null) {
        return Response.status(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND).entity("Entity not found for UUID: " + uuid).build();
    }
    String json = //convert entity to json
    return Response.ok(json, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).build();
}

看一下Response类。

请注意，您应该始终指定一个内容类型，特别是当您传递多个内容类型时，但如果每个消息都将表示为JSON，则可以使用@Produces("application/ JSON ")对方法进行注释。