如何使用psql命令在PostgreSQL中执行Oracle的DESCRIBE TABLE?
当前回答
下面的命令可以简单地描述多个表
\dt <table> <table>
下面的命令可以详细描述多个表:
\d <table> <table>
下面的命令可以更详细地描述多个表:
\d+ <table> <table>
其他回答
这个问题的变体(如其他答案中所解释的)对我很有用。
SELECT
COLUMN_NAME
FROM
information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = 'city';
详细描述如下:http://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/
在MySQL中,DESCRIBE table_name
在PostgreSQL中,\d table_name
或者,可以使用以下长命令:
SELECT
a.attname AS Field,
t.typname || '(' || a.atttypmod || ')' AS Type,
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = 't' THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS Null,
CASE WHEN r.contype = 'p' THEN 'PRI' ELSE '' END AS Key,
(SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), '\'(.*)\'')
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE
d.adrelid = a.attrelid
AND d.adnum = a.attnum
AND a.atthasdef) AS Default,
'' as Extras
FROM
pg_class c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid
JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint r ON c.oid = r.conrelid
AND r.conname = a.attname
WHERE
c.relname = 'tablename'
AND a.attnum > 0
ORDER BY a.attnum
如果您想从查询而不是psql获取它,可以查询目录模式。下面是一个复杂的查询,它可以做到这一点:
SELECT
f.attnum AS number,
f.attname AS name,
f.attnum,
f.attnotnull AS notnull,
pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS primarykey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS uniquekey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
END AS foreignkey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
END AS foreignkey_fieldnum,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
END AS foreignkey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
END AS foreignkey_connnum,
CASE
WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
END AS default
FROM pg_attribute f
JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid
JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum
LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char
AND n.nspname = '%s' -- Replace with Schema name
AND c.relname = '%s' -- Replace with table name
AND f.attnum > 0 ORDER BY number
;
它非常复杂,但它确实向您展示了PostgreSQL系统目录的强大和灵活性,并将帮助您掌握pg_catalog;-)。请确保更改查询中的%s。第一个是Schema,第二个是表名。
除了PostgreSQL方式(\d“something”或\dt“table”或\ds“sequence”等)
SQL标准方式,如下所示:
select column_name, data_type, character_maximum_length, column_default, is_nullable
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_name = '<name of table>';
它受到许多db引擎的支持。
/dt是列出数据库中所有表的命令。使用/d命令和/d+,我们可以获得表的详细信息。sysntax将如下所示*/d table_name(或)\d+table_name
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