我有一个对象x。我想将其复制为对象y,这样对y的更改不会修改x。我意识到复制从内置JavaScript对象派生的对象会导致额外的、不需要的财产。这不是问题,因为我正在复制我自己的一个文字构造对象。

如何正确克隆JavaScript对象?


当前回答

您可以简单地使用扩展属性来复制没有引用的对象。但是要小心(请参见注释),“副本”仅位于最低的对象/数组级别。嵌套的财产仍然是引用!


完整克隆:

let x = {a: 'value1'}
let x2 = {...x}

// => mutate without references:

x2.a = 'value2'
console.log(x.a)    // => 'value1'

在第二级克隆引用:

const y = {a: {b: 'value3'}}
const y2 = {...y}

// => nested object is still a references:

y2.a.b = 'value4'
console.log(y.a.b)    // => 'value4'

JavaScript实际上不支持本地深度克隆。使用效用函数。例如Ramda:

http://ramdajs.com/docs/#clone

其他回答

根据Apple JavaScript编码指南:

// Create an inner object with a variable x whose default
// value is 3.
function innerObj()
{
        this.x = 3;
}
innerObj.prototype.clone = function() {
    var temp = new innerObj();
    for (myvar in this) {
        // this object does not contain any objects, so
        // use the lightweight copy code.
        temp[myvar] = this[myvar];
    }
    return temp;
}

// Create an outer object with a variable y whose default
// value is 77.
function outerObj()
{
        // The outer object contains an inner object.  Allocate it here.
        this.inner = new innerObj();
        this.y = 77;
}
outerObj.prototype.clone = function() {
    var temp = new outerObj();
    for (myvar in this) {
        if (this[myvar].clone) {
            // This variable contains an object with a
            // clone operator.  Call it to create a copy.
            temp[myvar] = this[myvar].clone();
        } else {
            // This variable contains a scalar value,
            // a string value, or an object with no
            // clone function.  Assign it directly.
            temp[myvar] = this[myvar];
        }
    }
    return temp;
}

// Allocate an outer object and assign non-default values to variables in
// both the outer and inner objects.
outer = new outerObj;
outer.inner.x = 4;
outer.y = 16;

// Clone the outer object (which, in turn, clones the inner object).
newouter = outer.clone();

// Verify that both values were copied.
alert('inner x is '+newouter.inner.x); // prints 4
alert('y is '+newouter.y); // prints 16

史蒂夫

根据Airbnb JavaScript风格指南,有404位贡献者:

首选对象排列运算符而不是对象。指定为浅层复制物体。使用object rest操作符获取具有特定省略了财产。

// very bad
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = Object.assign(original, { c: 3 }); // this mutates `original` ಠ_ಠ
delete copy.a; // so does this

// bad
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = Object.assign({}, original, { c: 3 }); // copy => { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

// good
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = { ...original, c: 3 }; // copy => { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

const { a, ...noA } = copy; // noA => { b: 2, c: 3 }

此外,我想提醒您,尽管Airbnb几乎不建议使用对象扩散运算符方法。请记住,Microsoft Edge仍然不支持此2018功能。

ES2016+公司表>>

Jan Turo的上述答案非常接近,由于兼容性问题,可能是在浏览器中使用的最佳选择,但这可能会导致一些奇怪的枚举问题。例如,执行:

for ( var i in someArray ) { ... }

在遍历数组元素后,将clone()方法赋给i。下面是一个避免枚举并适用于node.js的改编:

Object.defineProperty( Object.prototype, "clone", {
    value: function() {
        if ( this.cloneNode )
        {
            return this.cloneNode( true );
        }

        var copy = this instanceof Array ? [] : {};
        for( var attr in this )
        {
            if ( typeof this[ attr ] == "function" || this[ attr ] == null || !this[ attr ].clone )
            {
                copy[ attr ] = this[ attr ];
            }
            else if ( this[ attr ] == this )
            {
                copy[ attr ] = copy;
            }
            else
            {
                copy[ attr ] = this[ attr ].clone();
            }
        }
        return copy;
    }
});

Object.defineProperty( Date.prototype, "clone", {
    value: function() {
        var copy = new Date();
        copy.setTime( this.getTime() );
        return copy;
    }
});

Object.defineProperty( Number.prototype, "clone", { value: function() { return this; } } );
Object.defineProperty( Boolean.prototype, "clone", { value: function() { return this; } } );
Object.defineProperty( String.prototype, "clone", { value: function() { return this; } } );

这避免了使clone()方法可枚举,因为defineProperty()默认为false。

我只是想在本文中添加到所有Object.create解决方案中,这并不能以nodejs所需的方式工作。

在Firefox中

var a = {"test":"test"};
var b = Object.create(a);
console.log(b);´

is

{test:“test”}。

在nodejs中

{}

我已经编写了自己的实现。不确定它是否算作更好的解决方案:

/*
    a function for deep cloning objects that contains other nested objects and circular structures.
    objects are stored in a 3D array, according to their length (number of properties) and their depth in the original object.
                                    index (z)
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |                      depth (x)
                                         |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
                                        /_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
                                       /_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
                                      /_/_/_/_/_/_/...../
                                     /................./
                                    /.....            /
                                   /                 /
                                  /------------------
            object length (y)    /
*/

实施情况如下:

function deepClone(obj) {
    var depth = -1;
    var arr = [];
    return clone(obj, arr, depth);
}

/**
 *
 * @param obj source object
 * @param arr 3D array to store the references to objects
 * @param depth depth of the current object relative to the passed 'obj'
 * @returns {*}
 */
function clone(obj, arr, depth){
    if (typeof obj !== "object") {
        return obj;
    }

    var length = Object.keys(obj).length; // native method to get the number of properties in 'obj'

    var result = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(obj)); // inherit the prototype of the original object
    if(result instanceof Array){
        result.length = length;
    }

    depth++; // depth is increased because we entered an object here

    arr[depth] = []; // this is the x-axis, each index here is the depth
    arr[depth][length] = []; // this is the y-axis, each index is the length of the object (aka number of props)
    // start the depth at current and go down, cyclic structures won't form on depths more than the current one
    for(var x = depth; x >= 0; x--){
        // loop only if the array at this depth and length already have elements
        if(arr[x][length]){
            for(var index = 0; index < arr[x][length].length; index++){
                if(obj === arr[x][length][index]){
                    return obj;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    arr[depth][length].push(obj); // store the object in the array at the current depth and length
    for (var prop in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) result[prop] = clone(obj[prop], arr, depth);
    }

    return result;
}