如何在Python中复制文件?


当前回答

您可以使用系统。

对于类Unix系统:

import os

copy_file = lambda src_file, dest: os.system(f"cp {src_file} {dest}")

copy_file("./file", "../new_dir/file")

其他回答

首先,我对shutil方法做了详尽的备忘单,供您参考。

shutil_methods =
{'copy':['shutil.copyfileobj',
          'shutil.copyfile',
          'shutil.copymode',
          'shutil.copystat',
          'shutil.copy',
          'shutil.copy2',
          'shutil.copytree',],
 'move':['shutil.rmtree',
         'shutil.move',],
 'exception': ['exception shutil.SameFileError',
                 'exception shutil.Error'],
 'others':['shutil.disk_usage',
             'shutil.chown',
             'shutil.which',
             'shutil.ignore_patterns',]
}

其次,举例说明复制方法:

shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc,fdst[,length])操纵打开的对象在[3]中:src='~/Documents/Head+First+SQL.pdf'在[4]中:dst='~/desktop'在[5]中:shutil.copyfileobj(src,dst)AttributeError:“str”对象没有属性“read”#复制文件对象在[7]中:open(src,'rb')为f1,open(os.path.join(dst,'test.pdf'),'wb')为f2:…:shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2)在[8]中:os.stat(os.path.join(dst,'test.pdf'))输出[8]:os.stat_result(st_mode=33188,st_ino=8598319475,st_dev=16777220,st_nlink=1,st_uid=501,st_gid=20,st_size=13507926,st_atime=1516067347,st_mime=1516067335,st_ctime=1516087345)shutil.copyfile(src,dst,*,follow_symlinks=True)复制并重命名在[9]中:shutil.copyfile(src,dst)IsADirectoryError:[Erno 21]是一个目录:~/desktop'#所以dst应该是文件名而不是目录名shutil.copy()复制而不预先保存元数据在[10]中:shutil.copy(src,dst)输出[10]:~/desktop/Head+First+SQL.pdf'#检查其元数据在[25]中:os.stat(src)输出[25]:os.stat_result(st_mode=33188,st_ino=597749,st_dev=16777220,st_nlink=1,st_uid=501,st_gid=20,st_size=13507926,st_atime=1516066425,st_mtime=1493698739,st_ctime=1514871215)在[26]中:os.stat(os.path.join(dst,'Head+First+SQL.pdf'))输出[26]:os.stat_result(st_mode=33188,st_ino=8598313736,st_dev=16777220,st_nlink=1,st_uid=501,st_gid=20,st_size=13507926,st_atime=1516066427,st_mtime=1516086425,st_ctime=151066425)#st_atime、st_mtime、st_ctime已更改shutil.copy2()复制并保留元数据在[30]中:shutil.copy2(src,dst)输出[30]:~/desktop/Head+First+SQL.pdf'在[31]中:os.stat(src)输出[31]:os.stat_result(st_mode=33188,st_ino=597749,st_dev=16777220,st_nlink=1,st_uid=501,st_gid=20,st_size=13507926,st_atime=1516067055,st_mtime=1493698739,st_ctime=1514871215)在[32]中:os.stat(os.path.join(dst,'Head+First+SQL.pdf'))输出[32]:os.stat_result(st_mode=33188,st_ino=8598313736,st_dev=16777220,st_nlink=1,st_uid=501,st_gid=20,st_size=13507926,st_atime=1516067063,st_mtime=1493698739,st_ctime=1516087055)#保留时间(_m)shutil.copytree()递归复制以src为根的整个目录树,返回目标目录。

copy2(src,dst)通常比copyfile(src,gst)更有用,因为:

它允许dst是一个目录(而不是完整的目标文件名),在这种情况下,src的基本名称用于创建新文件;它在文件元数据中保留了原始的修改和访问信息(mtime和atime)(不过,这会带来一些开销)。

下面是一个简短的示例:

import shutil
shutil.copy2('/src/dir/file.ext', '/dst/dir/newname.ext') # complete target filename given
shutil.copy2('/src/file.ext', '/dst/dir') # target filename is /dst/dir/file.ext
Function Copies
metadata
Copies
permissions
Uses file object Destination
may be directory
shutil.copy No Yes No Yes
shutil.copyfile No No No No
shutil.copy2 Yes Yes No Yes
shutil.copyfileobj No No Yes No

目录和文件复制示例,来自Tim Golden的Python Stuff:

import os
import shutil
import tempfile

filename1 = tempfile.mktemp (".txt")
open (filename1, "w").close ()
filename2 = filename1 + ".copy"
print filename1, "=>", filename2

shutil.copy (filename1, filename2)

if os.path.isfile (filename2): print "Success"

dirname1 = tempfile.mktemp (".dir")
os.mkdir (dirname1)
dirname2 = dirname1 + ".copy"
print dirname1, "=>", dirname2

shutil.copytree (dirname1, dirname2)

if os.path.isdir (dirname2): print "Success"

复制文件是一个相对简单的操作,如下面的示例所示,但是您应该使用shutilstdlib模块。

def copyfileobj_example(source, dest, buffer_size=1024*1024):
    """      
    Copy a file from source to dest. source and dest
    must be file-like objects, i.e. any object with a read or
    write method, like for example StringIO.
    """
    while True:
        copy_buffer = source.read(buffer_size)
        if not copy_buffer:
            break
        dest.write(copy_buffer)

如果要按文件名复制,可以执行以下操作:

def copyfile_example(source, dest):
    # Beware, this example does not handle any edge cases!
    with open(source, 'rb') as src, open(dest, 'wb') as dst:
        copyfileobj_example(src, dst)