我有一个使用$(document).ready的脚本,但它不使用jQuery中的任何其他内容。我想通过删除jQuery依赖项来减轻它。

如何在不使用jQuery的情况下实现我自己的$(document).ready功能?我知道,使用window.onload将不同,因为window.onlead在加载所有图像、帧等后启动。


当前回答

跨浏览器(旧浏览器也是)和简单的解决方案:

var docLoaded = setInterval(function () {
    if(document.readyState !== "complete") return;
    clearInterval(docLoaded);

    /*
        Your code goes here i.e. init()
    */
}, 30);

在jsfiddle中显示警报

其他回答

如果你想支持Internet Explorer 7+(没有怪癖、兼容性和其他问题),最后一个Chrome、最后一个Safari、最后一次Firefox和没有iframes,这就足够了:

is_loaded = false
callbacks = []

loaded = ->
  is_loaded = true
  for i in [0...callbacks.length]
    callbacks[i].call document
  callbacks = []

content_loaded = ->
  document.removeEventListener "DOMContentLoaded", content_loaded, true
  loaded()

state_changed = ->
  if document.readyState is "complete"
    document.detachEvent "onreadystatechange", state_changed
    loaded()

if !!document.addEventListener
  document.addEventListener "DOMContentLoaded", content_loaded, true
else
  document.attachEvent "onreadystatechange", state_changed

dom_ready = (callback) ->
  if is_loaded
    callback.call document
  else
    callbacks.push callback

我只使用:

setTimeout(function(){
    //reference/manipulate DOM here
});

而且与上面的答案中的document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”//等不同,它的工作时间可以追溯到IE9——http://caniuse.com/#search=DOMContentLoaded仅表示最近的IE11。

有趣的是,我在2009年偶然发现了这个setTimeout解决方案:检查DOM的准备是否过度?,我的意思是“使用各种框架的更复杂的方法来检查DOM的就绪性是否过分”。

我对这种技术为什么有效的最好解释是,当使用这样一个setTimeout的脚本到达时,DOM正处于解析过程中,因此setTimeout中的代码的执行会延迟到该操作完成。

比较

这里(在下面的片段中)是所选择的可用浏览器“内置”方法及其执行顺序的比较。评论

任何现代浏览器都不支持document.onload(X)(从不触发事件)如果您使用<body onload=“bodyOnLoad()”>(F),同时使用window.onload(E),则只执行第一个(因为它会覆盖第二个)<body onload=“…”>(F)中给定的事件处理程序由附加的onload函数包装document.onreadystatechange(D)不覆盖document.addEventListener('readystatechange'…)(C)可能是因为类似XYZevent的方法独立于addEventListener队列(允许添加多个侦听器)。在执行这两个处理程序之间可能不会发生任何事情。所有脚本都在控制台中写入时间戳,但也可以访问div的脚本也在主体中写入时间标记(在脚本执行后单击“FullPage”链接查看)。解决方案readystatechange(C,D)由浏览器执行多次,但针对不同的文档状态:loading-文档正在加载(没有在代码段中激发)交互式-文档在DOMContentLoaded之前被解析和激发完成-加载文档和资源,在加载body/window之前激发

<html><head><脚本>//溶液Aconsole.log(`[timestamp:${Date.now()}]A:Head脚本`);//溶液Bdocument.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”,()=>{print(`[时间戳:${Date.now()}]B:DOMContentLoaded`);});//溶液Cdocument.addEventListener('readystatechange',()=>{print(`[时间戳:${Date.now()}]C:就绪状态:${document.ReadyState}`);});//溶液Ddocument.onreadystatechange=s=>{print(`[时间戳:${Date.now()}]D:document.onrreadystatechange就绪状态:${document.ReadyState}`)};//解决方案E(从未执行)window.onload=()=>{print(`E:<body onload=“…”>覆盖此处理程序`);};//溶液F函数体OnLoad(){print(`[timestamp:${Date.now()}]F:<body onload='…'>`);infoAboutOnLoad();//其他信息}//溶液Xdocument.onload=()=>{print(“document.onlead从未启动”)};//助手函数打印(txt){console.log(txt);如果(mydiv)mydiv.innerHTML+=txt.replace('<','&lt;').replace('>','&gt;')+'<br>';}函数infoAboutOnLoad(){console.log(“window.onload(重写后):”,(“”+document.body.onload).replace(/\s+/g,“”));console.log(`body.onload==window.onload-->${document.body.onload==window.onload}`);}console.log(“window.onload(覆盖前):”,(“”+document.body.onload).replace(/\s+/g,“”));</script></head><body onload=“bodyOnLoad()”><div id=“mydiv”></div><!-- 此脚本必须位于<body>-->的底部<脚本>//溶液Gprint(`[timestamp:${Date.now()}]G:<body>底部脚本`);</script></body></html>

编辑:

2023更新,请使用此项:

function ready(fn) {
  if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {
    fn();
    return;
  }
  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fn);
}

发件人:https://youmightnotneedjquery.com/

这里是jQuery的可行替代品

function ready(callback){
    // in case the document is already rendered
    if (document.readyState!='loading') callback();
    // modern browsers
    else if (document.addEventListener) document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', callback);
    // IE <= 8
    else document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function(){
        if (document.readyState=='complete') callback();
    });
}

ready(function(){
    // do something
});

摘自https://plainjs.com/javascript/events/running-code-when-the-document-is-ready-15/

另一个很好的domReady函数来自https://stackoverflow.com/a/9899701/175071


由于被接受的答案还远远没有完成,我根据jQuery1.6.2的源代码拼接了一个“ready”函数,如jQuery.ready():

var ready = (function(){

    var readyList,
        DOMContentLoaded,
        class2type = {};
        class2type["[object Boolean]"] = "boolean";
        class2type["[object Number]"] = "number";
        class2type["[object String]"] = "string";
        class2type["[object Function]"] = "function";
        class2type["[object Array]"] = "array";
        class2type["[object Date]"] = "date";
        class2type["[object RegExp]"] = "regexp";
        class2type["[object Object]"] = "object";

    var ReadyObj = {
        // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
        isReady: false,
        // A counter to track how many items to wait for before
        // the ready event fires. See #6781
        readyWait: 1,
        // Hold (or release) the ready event
        holdReady: function( hold ) {
            if ( hold ) {
                ReadyObj.readyWait++;
            } else {
                ReadyObj.ready( true );
            }
        },
        // Handle when the DOM is ready
        ready: function( wait ) {
            // Either a released hold or an DOMready/load event and not yet ready
            if ( (wait === true && !--ReadyObj.readyWait) || (wait !== true && !ReadyObj.isReady) ) {
                // Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
                if ( !document.body ) {
                    return setTimeout( ReadyObj.ready, 1 );
                }

                // Remember that the DOM is ready
                ReadyObj.isReady = true;
                // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
                if ( wait !== true && --ReadyObj.readyWait > 0 ) {
                    return;
                }
                // If there are functions bound, to execute
                readyList.resolveWith( document, [ ReadyObj ] );

                // Trigger any bound ready events
                //if ( ReadyObj.fn.trigger ) {
                //    ReadyObj( document ).trigger( "ready" ).unbind( "ready" );
                //}
            }
        },
        bindReady: function() {
            if ( readyList ) {
                return;
            }
            readyList = ReadyObj._Deferred();

            // Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the
            // browser event has already occurred.
            if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
                // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
                return setTimeout( ReadyObj.ready, 1 );
            }

            // Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event
            if ( document.addEventListener ) {
                // Use the handy event callback
                document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
                // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
                window.addEventListener( "load", ReadyObj.ready, false );

            // If IE event model is used
            } else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
                // ensure firing before onload,
                // maybe late but safe also for iframes
                document.attachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded );

                // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
                window.attachEvent( "onload", ReadyObj.ready );

                // If IE and not a frame
                // continually check to see if the document is ready
                var toplevel = false;

                try {
                    toplevel = window.frameElement == null;
                } catch(e) {}

                if ( document.documentElement.doScroll && toplevel ) {
                    doScrollCheck();
                }
            }
        },
        _Deferred: function() {
            var // callbacks list
                callbacks = [],
                // stored [ context , args ]
                fired,
                // to avoid firing when already doing so
                firing,
                // flag to know if the deferred has been cancelled
                cancelled,
                // the deferred itself
                deferred  = {

                    // done( f1, f2, ...)
                    done: function() {
                        if ( !cancelled ) {
                            var args = arguments,
                                i,
                                length,
                                elem,
                                type,
                                _fired;
                            if ( fired ) {
                                _fired = fired;
                                fired = 0;
                            }
                            for ( i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++ ) {
                                elem = args[ i ];
                                type = ReadyObj.type( elem );
                                if ( type === "array" ) {
                                    deferred.done.apply( deferred, elem );
                                } else if ( type === "function" ) {
                                    callbacks.push( elem );
                                }
                            }
                            if ( _fired ) {
                                deferred.resolveWith( _fired[ 0 ], _fired[ 1 ] );
                            }
                        }
                        return this;
                    },

                    // resolve with given context and args
                    resolveWith: function( context, args ) {
                        if ( !cancelled && !fired && !firing ) {
                            // make sure args are available (#8421)
                            args = args || [];
                            firing = 1;
                            try {
                                while( callbacks[ 0 ] ) {
                                    callbacks.shift().apply( context, args );//shifts a callback, and applies it to document
                                }
                            }
                            finally {
                                fired = [ context, args ];
                                firing = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        return this;
                    },

                    // resolve with this as context and given arguments
                    resolve: function() {
                        deferred.resolveWith( this, arguments );
                        return this;
                    },

                    // Has this deferred been resolved?
                    isResolved: function() {
                        return !!( firing || fired );
                    },

                    // Cancel
                    cancel: function() {
                        cancelled = 1;
                        callbacks = [];
                        return this;
                    }
                };

            return deferred;
        },
        type: function( obj ) {
            return obj == null ?
                String( obj ) :
                class2type[ Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) ] || "object";
        }
    }
    // The DOM ready check for Internet Explorer
    function doScrollCheck() {
        if ( ReadyObj.isReady ) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            // If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini
            // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
            document.documentElement.doScroll("left");
        } catch(e) {
            setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 1 );
            return;
        }

        // and execute any waiting functions
        ReadyObj.ready();
    }
    // Cleanup functions for the document ready method
    if ( document.addEventListener ) {
        DOMContentLoaded = function() {
            document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
            ReadyObj.ready();
        };

    } else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
        DOMContentLoaded = function() {
            // Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
            if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
                document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded );
                ReadyObj.ready();
            }
        };
    }
    function ready( fn ) {
        // Attach the listeners
        ReadyObj.bindReady();

        var type = ReadyObj.type( fn );

        // Add the callback
        readyList.done( fn );//readyList is result of _Deferred()
    }
    return ready;
})();

如何使用:

<script>
    ready(function(){
        alert('It works!');
    });
    ready(function(){
        alert('Also works!');
    });
</script>

我不确定这段代码的功能如何,但它在我的表面测试中运行良好。这花了很长时间,所以我希望你和其他人能从中受益。

PS.:我建议编译它。

或者你可以使用http://dustindiaz.com/smallest-domready-ever:

function r(f){/in/.test(document.readyState)?setTimeout(r,9,f):f()}
r(function(){/*code to run*/});

如果您只需要支持新的浏览器,则使用本机函数(与jQuery就绪不同,如果您在页面加载后添加此函数,则不会运行此函数)

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){/*fun code to run*/})

大多数普通的JS Ready函数都不考虑在文档加载后设置DOMContentLoaded处理程序的情况——这意味着函数永远不会运行。如果在异步外部脚本(<script async src=“file.js”></script>)中查找DOMContentLoaded,则可能会发生这种情况。

只有当文档的readyState尚未交互或完成时,下面的代码才会检查DOMContentLoaded。

var DOMReady = function(callback) {
  document.readyState === "interactive" || document.readyState === "complete" ? callback() : document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback());
};
DOMReady(function() {
  //DOM ready!
});

如果您也想支持IE:

var DOMReady = function(callback) {
    if (document.readyState === "interactive" || document.readyState === "complete") {
        callback();
    } else if (document.addEventListener) {
        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', callback());
    } else if (document.attachEvent) {
        document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() {
            if (document.readyState != 'loading') {
                callback();
            }
        });
    }
};

DOMReady(function() {
  // DOM ready!
});