我有一个使用$（document）.ready的脚本，但它不使用jQuery中的任何其他内容。我想通过删除jQuery依赖项来减轻它。
如何在不使用jQuery的情况下实现我自己的$（document）.ready功能？我知道，使用window.onload将不同，因为window.onlead在加载所有图像、帧等后启动。
当前回答
比较
这里（在下面的片段中）是所选择的可用浏览器“内置”方法及其执行顺序的比较。评论
任何现代浏览器都不支持document.onload（X）（从不触发事件）如果您使用<body onload=“bodyOnLoad（）”>（F），同时使用window.onload（E），则只执行第一个（因为它会覆盖第二个）<body onload=“…”>（F）中给定的事件处理程序由附加的onload函数包装document.onreadystatechange（D）不覆盖document.addEventListener（'readystatechange'…）（C）可能是因为类似XYZevent的方法独立于addEventListener队列（允许添加多个侦听器）。在执行这两个处理程序之间可能不会发生任何事情。所有脚本都在控制台中写入时间戳，但也可以访问div的脚本也在主体中写入时间标记（在脚本执行后单击“FullPage”链接查看）。解决方案readystatechange（C，D）由浏览器执行多次，但针对不同的文档状态：loading-文档正在加载（没有在代码段中激发）交互式-文档在DOMContentLoaded之前被解析和激发完成-加载文档和资源，在加载body/window之前激发
<html><head><脚本>//溶液Aconsole.log（`[timestamp:${Date.now（）}]A:Head脚本`）；//溶液Bdocument.addEventListener（“DOMContentLoaded”，（）=>{print（`[时间戳：${Date.now（）}]B:DOMContentLoaded`）；});//溶液Cdocument.addEventListener（'readystatechange'，（）=>{print（`[时间戳：${Date.now（）}]C:就绪状态：${document.ReadyState}`）；});//溶液Ddocument.onreadystatechange=s=>{print（`[时间戳：${Date.now（）}]D:document.onrreadystatechange就绪状态：${document.ReadyState}`）}；//解决方案E（从未执行）window.onload=（）=>{print（`E:<body onload=“…”>覆盖此处理程序`）；};//溶液F函数体OnLoad（）{print（`[timestamp:${Date.now（）}]F:<body onload='…'>`）；infoAboutOnLoad（）；//其他信息}//溶液Xdocument.onload=（）=>｛print（“document.onlead从未启动”）｝；//助手函数打印（txt）｛console.log（txt）；如果（mydiv）mydiv.innerHTML+=txt.replace（'<'，'<；'）.replace（'>'，'>；'）+'<br>'；}函数infoAboutOnLoad（）{console.log（“window.onload（重写后）：”，（“”+document.body.onload）.replace（/\s+/g，“”））；console.log（`body.onload==window.onload-->${document.body.onload==window.onload}`）；}console.log（“window.onload（覆盖前）：”，（“”+document.body.onload）.replace（/\s+/g，“”））；</script></head><body onload=“bodyOnLoad（）”><div id=“mydiv”></div><!-- 此脚本必须位于<body>-->的底部<脚本>//溶液Gprint（`[timestamp:${Date.now（）}]G:<body>底部脚本`）；</script></body></html>
其他回答
编辑：
2023更新，请使用此项：
function ready(fn) {
if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {
fn();
return;
}
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fn);
}
发件人：https://youmightnotneedjquery.com/
这里是jQuery的可行替代品
function ready(callback){
// in case the document is already rendered
if (document.readyState!='loading') callback();
// modern browsers
else if (document.addEventListener) document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', callback);
// IE <= 8
else document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function(){
if (document.readyState=='complete') callback();
});
}
ready(function(){
// do something
});
摘自https://plainjs.com/javascript/events/running-code-when-the-document-is-ready-15/
另一个很好的domReady函数来自https://stackoverflow.com/a/9899701/175071
由于被接受的答案还远远没有完成，我根据jQuery1.6.2的源代码拼接了一个“ready”函数，如jQuery.ready（）：
var ready = (function(){
var readyList,
DOMContentLoaded,
class2type = {};
class2type["[object Boolean]"] = "boolean";
class2type["[object Number]"] = "number";
class2type["[object String]"] = "string";
class2type["[object Function]"] = "function";
class2type["[object Array]"] = "array";
class2type["[object Date]"] = "date";
class2type["[object RegExp]"] = "regexp";
class2type["[object Object]"] = "object";
var ReadyObj = {
// Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
isReady: false,
// A counter to track how many items to wait for before
// the ready event fires. See #6781
readyWait: 1,
// Hold (or release) the ready event
holdReady: function( hold ) {
if ( hold ) {
ReadyObj.readyWait++;
} else {
ReadyObj.ready( true );
}
},
// Handle when the DOM is ready
ready: function( wait ) {
// Either a released hold or an DOMready/load event and not yet ready
if ( (wait === true && !--ReadyObj.readyWait) || (wait !== true && !ReadyObj.isReady) ) {
// Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
if ( !document.body ) {
return setTimeout( ReadyObj.ready, 1 );
}
// Remember that the DOM is ready
ReadyObj.isReady = true;
// If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
if ( wait !== true && --ReadyObj.readyWait > 0 ) {
return;
}
// If there are functions bound, to execute
readyList.resolveWith( document, [ ReadyObj ] );
// Trigger any bound ready events
//if ( ReadyObj.fn.trigger ) {
// ReadyObj( document ).trigger( "ready" ).unbind( "ready" );
//}
}
},
bindReady: function() {
if ( readyList ) {
return;
}
readyList = ReadyObj._Deferred();
// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the
// browser event has already occurred.
if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
// Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
return setTimeout( ReadyObj.ready, 1 );
}
// Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event
if ( document.addEventListener ) {
// Use the handy event callback
document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
window.addEventListener( "load", ReadyObj.ready, false );
// If IE event model is used
} else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
// ensure firing before onload,
// maybe late but safe also for iframes
document.attachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded );
// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
window.attachEvent( "onload", ReadyObj.ready );
// If IE and not a frame
// continually check to see if the document is ready
var toplevel = false;
try {
toplevel = window.frameElement == null;
} catch(e) {}
if ( document.documentElement.doScroll && toplevel ) {
doScrollCheck();
}
}
},
_Deferred: function() {
var // callbacks list
callbacks = [],
// stored [ context , args ]
fired,
// to avoid firing when already doing so
firing,
// flag to know if the deferred has been cancelled
cancelled,
// the deferred itself
deferred = {
// done( f1, f2, ...)
done: function() {
if ( !cancelled ) {
var args = arguments,
i,
length,
elem,
type,
_fired;
if ( fired ) {
_fired = fired;
fired = 0;
}
for ( i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++ ) {
elem = args[ i ];
type = ReadyObj.type( elem );
if ( type === "array" ) {
deferred.done.apply( deferred, elem );
} else if ( type === "function" ) {
callbacks.push( elem );
}
}
if ( _fired ) {
deferred.resolveWith( _fired[ 0 ], _fired[ 1 ] );
}
}
return this;
},
// resolve with given context and args
resolveWith: function( context, args ) {
if ( !cancelled && !fired && !firing ) {
// make sure args are available (#8421)
args = args || [];
firing = 1;
try {
while( callbacks[ 0 ] ) {
callbacks.shift().apply( context, args );//shifts a callback, and applies it to document
}
}
finally {
fired = [ context, args ];
firing = 0;
}
}
return this;
},
// resolve with this as context and given arguments
resolve: function() {
deferred.resolveWith( this, arguments );
return this;
},
// Has this deferred been resolved?
isResolved: function() {
return !!( firing || fired );
},
// Cancel
cancel: function() {
cancelled = 1;
callbacks = [];
return this;
}
};
return deferred;
},
type: function( obj ) {
return obj == null ?
String( obj ) :
class2type[ Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) ] || "object";
}
}
// The DOM ready check for Internet Explorer
function doScrollCheck() {
if ( ReadyObj.isReady ) {
return;
}
try {
// If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini
// http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
document.documentElement.doScroll("left");
} catch(e) {
setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 1 );
return;
}
// and execute any waiting functions
ReadyObj.ready();
}
// Cleanup functions for the document ready method
if ( document.addEventListener ) {
DOMContentLoaded = function() {
document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
ReadyObj.ready();
};
} else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
DOMContentLoaded = function() {
// Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded );
ReadyObj.ready();
}
};
}
function ready( fn ) {
// Attach the listeners
ReadyObj.bindReady();
var type = ReadyObj.type( fn );
// Add the callback
readyList.done( fn );//readyList is result of _Deferred()
}
return ready;
})();
如何使用：
<script>
ready(function(){
alert('It works!');
});
ready(function(){
alert('Also works!');
});
</script>
我不确定这段代码的功能如何，但它在我的表面测试中运行良好。这花了很长时间，所以我希望你和其他人能从中受益。
PS.：我建议编译它。
或者你可以使用http://dustindiaz.com/smallest-domready-ever:
function r(f){/in/.test(document.readyState)?setTimeout(r,9,f):f()}
r(function(){/*code to run*/});
如果您只需要支持新的浏览器，则使用本机函数（与jQuery就绪不同，如果您在页面加载后添加此函数，则不会运行此函数）
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){/*fun code to run*/})
跨浏览器（旧浏览器也是）和简单的解决方案：
var docLoaded = setInterval(function () {
if(document.readyState !== "complete") return;
clearInterval(docLoaded);
/*
Your code goes here i.e. init()
*/
}, 30);
在jsfiddle中显示警报
2022版本
2022年，您需要做的就是将defer属性放在脚本上，并将其加载到头部！
参考：https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script#attr-推迟
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="/script.js" defer></script>
</head>
<body>
<p>In 2022, all you need to do is put the defer attribute on your script, and load it in the head!</p>
</body>
</html>
我最近在一个移动网站上使用这个。这是John Resig的简化版“Pro JavaScript技术”。它取决于addEvent。
var ready = ( function () {
function ready( f ) {
if( ready.done ) return f();
if( ready.timer ) {
ready.ready.push(f);
} else {
addEvent( window, "load", isDOMReady );
ready.ready = [ f ];
ready.timer = setInterval(isDOMReady, 13);
}
};
function isDOMReady() {
if( ready.done ) return false;
if( document && document.getElementsByTagName && document.getElementById && document.body ) {
clearInterval( ready.timer );
ready.timer = null;
for( var i = 0; i < ready.ready.length; i++ ) {
ready.ready[i]();
}
ready.ready = null;
ready.done = true;
}
}
return ready;
})();
试试看：
function ready(callback){
if(typeof callback === "function"){
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback);
window.addEventListener("load", callback);
}else{
throw new Error("Sorry, I can not run this!");
}
}
ready(function(){
console.log("It worked!");
});
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