编辑:结合了Katu建议的改进，删除了单独的解析步骤。

JSON列表解决方案

通过命令行处理传递列表(也包括字典)的一个好方法是使用json。

# parse_list.py
import argparse
import json

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
# note type arg, used to load json string
parser.add_argument('-l', '--list', type=json.loads)
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.list)

示例使用

$ python parse_list.py -l "[265340, 268738, 270774, 270817]"
[265340, 268738, 270774, 270817]

在add_argument()中，type只是一个可调用的对象，它接收字符串并返回选项值。

import ast

def arg_as_list(s):                                                            
    v = ast.literal_eval(s)                                                    
    if type(v) is not list:                                                    
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("Argument \"%s\" is not a list" % (s))
    return v                                                                   


def foo():
    parser.add_argument("--list", type=arg_as_list, default=[],
                        help="List of values")

这将允许:

$ ./tool --list "[1,2,3,4]"

简短的回答

使用nargs选项或action选项的“append”设置(取决于您希望用户界面如何表现)。

纳尔格斯

parser.add_argument('-l','--list', nargs='+', help='<Required> Set flag', required=True)
# Use like:
# python arg.py -l 1234 2345 3456 4567

Nargs ='+'接受一个或多个参数，Nargs ='*'接受零或多个参数。

附加

parser.add_argument('-l','--list', action='append', help='<Required> Set flag', required=True)
# Use like:
# python arg.py -l 1234 -l 2345 -l 3456 -l 4567

使用append，您可以多次提供该选项来构建列表。

不要使用type=list!!-可能在任何情况下你都不需要在argparse中使用type=list。永远。

长回答

让我们更详细地看看人们可能尝试的一些不同的方法，以及最终的结果。

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

# By default it will fail with multiple arguments.
parser.add_argument('--default')

# Telling the type to be a list will also fail for multiple arguments,
# but give incorrect results for a single argument.
parser.add_argument('--list-type', type=list)

# This will allow you to provide multiple arguments, but you will get
# a list of lists which is not desired.
parser.add_argument('--list-type-nargs', type=list, nargs='+')

# This is the correct way to handle accepting multiple arguments.
# '+' == 1 or more.
# '*' == 0 or more.
# '?' == 0 or 1.
# An int is an explicit number of arguments to accept.
parser.add_argument('--nargs', nargs='+')

# To make the input integers
parser.add_argument('--nargs-int-type', nargs='+', type=int)

# An alternate way to accept multiple inputs, but you must
# provide the flag once per input. Of course, you can use
# type=int here if you want.
parser.add_argument('--append-action', action='append')

# To show the results of the given option to screen.
for _, value in parser.parse_args()._get_kwargs():
    if value is not None:
        print(value)

以下是你可以期待的输出:

$ python arg.py --default 1234 2345 3456 4567
...
arg.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 2345 3456 4567

$ python arg.py --list-type 1234 2345 3456 4567
...
arg.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 2345 3456 4567

$ # Quotes won't help here... 
$ python arg.py --list-type "1234 2345 3456 4567"
['1', '2', '3', '4', ' ', '2', '3', '4', '5', ' ', '3', '4', '5', '6', ' ', '4', '5', '6', '7']

$ python arg.py --list-type-nargs 1234 2345 3456 4567
[['1', '2', '3', '4'], ['2', '3', '4', '5'], ['3', '4', '5', '6'], ['4', '5', '6', '7']]

$ python arg.py --nargs 1234 2345 3456 4567
['1234', '2345', '3456', '4567']

$ python arg.py --nargs-int-type 1234 2345 3456 4567
[1234, 2345, 3456, 4567]

$ # Negative numbers are handled perfectly fine out of the box.
$ python arg.py --nargs-int-type -1234 2345 -3456 4567
[-1234, 2345, -3456, 4567]

$ python arg.py --append-action 1234 --append-action 2345 --append-action 3456 --append-action 4567
['1234', '2345', '3456', '4567']

外卖:

Use nargs or action='append' nargs can be more straightforward from a user perspective, but it can be unintuitive if there are positional arguments because argparse can't tell what should be a positional argument and what belongs to the nargs; if you have positional arguments then action='append' may end up being a better choice. The above is only true if nargs is given '*', '+', or '?'. If you provide an integer number (such as 4) then there will be no problem mixing options with nargs and positional arguments because argparse will know exactly how many values to expect for the option. Don't use quotes on the command line1 Don't use type=list, as it will return a list of lists This happens because under the hood argparse uses the value of type to coerce each individual given argument you your chosen type, not the aggregate of all arguments. You can use type=int (or whatever) to get a list of ints (or whatever)

他说:我不是说一般情况。我的意思是使用引号将列表传递给argparse不是你想要的。

除了nargs，如果你事先知道列表，你可能会想要使用choices:

>>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='game.py')
>>> parser.add_argument('move', choices=['rock', 'paper', 'scissors'])
>>> parser.parse_args(['rock'])
Namespace(move='rock')
>>> parser.parse_args(['fire'])
usage: game.py [-h] {rock,paper,scissors}
game.py: error: argument move: invalid choice: 'fire' (choose from 'rock',
'paper', 'scissors')

我更喜欢传递一个带分隔符的字符串，稍后在脚本中解析。原因是;列表可以是任何类型的int或str，有时使用nargs，如果有多个可选参数和位置参数，我会遇到问题。

parser = ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-l', '--list', help='delimited list input', type=str)
args = parser.parse_args()
my_list = [int(item) for item in args.list.split(',')]

然后,

python test.py -l "265340,268738,270774,270817" [other arguments]

or,

python test.py -l 265340,268738,270774,270817 [other arguments]

会很好。分隔符也可以是空格，这将强制在参数值周围加上引号，就像问题中的示例一样。

或者你也可以使用Chepner评论中建议的lambda类型:

parser.add_argument('-l', '--list', help='delimited list input', 
    type=lambda s: [int(item) for item in s.split(',')])

我认为最优雅的解决方案是传递一个lambda函数给“类型”，正如Chepner所提到的。除此之外，如果你事先不知道列表的分隔符是什么，你也可以传递多个分隔符给re.split:

# python3 test.py -l "abc xyz, 123"

import re
import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process a list.')
parser.add_argument('-l', '--list',
                    type=lambda s: re.split(' |, ', s),
                    required=True,
                    help='comma or space delimited list of characters')

args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.list)


# Output: ['abc', 'xyz', '123']