此外, os.access():

if os.access("myfile", os.R_OK):
    with open("myfile") as fp:
        return fp.read()

是 R_OK, W_OK, 和 X_OK 旗帜测试许可证(doc)。

Python 3.4+ 有一个以对象为导向的路径模块: pathlib. 使用这个新模块,您可以检查是否存在这样的文件:

import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('path/to/file')
if p.is_file():  # or p.is_dir() to see if it is a directory
    # do stuff

在打开文件时,您仍然可以(通常应该)使用尝试/排除区块:

try:
    with p.open() as f:
        # do awesome stuff
except OSError:
    print('Well darn.')

pathlib 模块有很多很好的东西在它:方便的旋转,检查文件的所有者,更容易的路径加入,等等,值得检查。 如果你在更老的 Python (版本 2.6 或更晚),你仍然可以安装 pathlib 带 pip:

# installs pathlib2 on older Python versions
# the original third-party module, pathlib, is no longer maintained.
pip install pathlib2

然后将其输入如下:

# Older Python versions
import pathlib2 as pathlib

此外, os.access():

if os.access("myfile", os.R_OK):
    with open("myfile") as fp:
        return fp.read()

是 R_OK, W_OK, 和 X_OK 旗帜测试许可证(doc)。

import os

if os.path.isfile(filepath):
   print("File exists")

使用:

import os

# For testing purposes the arguments defaulted to the current folder and file.
# returns True if file found
def file_exists(FOLDER_PATH='../', FILE_NAME=__file__):
    return os.path.isdir(FOLDER_PATH) \
        and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(FOLDER_PATH, FILE_NAME))

它基本上是一个文件夹检查,然后使用 os.path.join 使用适当的目录分离器进行文件检查。

这就是我如何在一个文件夹中找到一个文件列表(在这些图像中)并在一个文件夹中搜索它(与子文件夹):

# This script concatenates JavaScript files into a unified JavaScript file to reduce server round-trips

import os
import string
import math
import ntpath
import sys

#import pyodbc

import gzip
import shutil

import hashlib

# BUF_SIZE is totally arbitrary, change for your app!
BUF_SIZE = 65536  # Let’s read stuff in 64 kilobyte chunks

# Iterate over all JavaScript files in the folder and combine them
filenames = []
shortfilenames = []

imgfilenames = []
imgshortfilenames = []

# Get a unified path so we can stop dancing with user paths.
# Determine where files are on this machine (%TEMP% directory and application installation directory)
if '.exe' in sys.argv[0]: # if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    RootPath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(__file__, "..\\"))

elif __file__:
    RootPath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(__file__, "..\\"))

print ("\n storage of image files RootPath: %s\n" %RootPath)

FolderPath = "D:\\TFS-FARM1\\StoneSoup_STS\\SDLC\\Build\\Code\\StoneSoup_Refactor\\StoneSoupUI\\Images"
print ("\n storage of image files in folder to search: %s\n" %FolderPath)

for root, directories, filenames2 in os.walk(FolderPath):
    for filename in filenames2:
        fullname = os.path.join(root, filename)
        filenames.append(fullname)
        shortfilenames.append(filename)

for i, fname in enumerate(shortfilenames):
        print("%s - %s" % (i+1, fname))

for root, directories, filenames2 in os.walk(RootPath):
    for filename in filenames2:
        fullname = os.path.join(root, filename)
        imgfilenames.append(fullname)
        imgshortfilenames.append(filename)

for i, fname in enumerate(imgshortfilenames):
        print("%s - %s" % (i+1, fname))

for i, fname in enumerate(imgshortfilenames):
        if fname in shortfilenames:
            print("%s - %s exists" % (i+1, fname))
        else:
            print("%s - %s ABSENT" % (i+1, fname))