我有一个'类'，这是:

function QS(){
    this.qs = {};
    var s = location.search.replace( /^\?|#.*$/g, '' );
    if( s ) {
        var qsParts = s.split('&');
        var i, nv;
        for (i = 0; i < qsParts.length; i++) {
            nv = qsParts[i].split('=');
            this.qs[nv[0]] = nv[1];
        }
    }
}

QS.prototype.add = function( name, value ) {
    if( arguments.length == 1 && arguments[0].constructor == Object ) {
        this.addMany( arguments[0] );
        return;
    }
    this.qs[name] = value;
}

QS.prototype.addMany = function( newValues ) {
    for( nv in newValues ) {
        this.qs[nv] = newValues[nv];
    }
}

QS.prototype.remove = function( name ) {
    if( arguments.length == 1 && arguments[0].constructor == Array ) {
        this.removeMany( arguments[0] );
        return;
    }
    delete this.qs[name];
}

QS.prototype.removeMany = function( deleteNames ) {
    var i;
    for( i = 0; i < deleteNames.length; i++ ) {
        delete this.qs[deleteNames[i]];
    }
}

QS.prototype.getQueryString = function() {
    var nv, q = [];
    for( nv in this.qs ) {
        q[q.length] = nv+'='+this.qs[nv];
    }
    return q.join( '&' );
}

QS.prototype.toString = QS.prototype.getQueryString;

//examples
//instantiation
var qs = new QS;
alert( qs );

//add a sinle name/value
qs.add( 'new', 'true' );
alert( qs );

//add multiple key/values
qs.add( { x: 'X', y: 'Y' } );
alert( qs );

//remove single key
qs.remove( 'new' )
alert( qs );

//remove multiple keys
qs.remove( ['x', 'bogus'] )
alert( qs );

我已经重写了toString方法，所以不需要调用QS::getQueryString，你可以使用QS::toString，或者像我在示例中所做的那样，仅仅依赖于对象被强制转换为字符串。

你需要适应的基本实现是这样的:

function insertParam(key, value) {
    key = encodeURIComponent(key);
    value = encodeURIComponent(value);

    // kvp looks like ['key1=value1', 'key2=value2', ...]
    var kvp = document.location.search.substr(1).split('&');
    let i=0;

    for(; i<kvp.length; i++){
        if (kvp[i].startsWith(key + '=')) {
            let pair = kvp[i].split('=');
            pair[1] = value;
            kvp[i] = pair.join('=');
            break;
        }
    }

    if(i >= kvp.length){
        kvp[kvp.length] = [key,value].join('=');
    }

    // can return this or...
    let params = kvp.join('&');

    // reload page with new params
    document.location.search = params;
}

这大约是正则表达式或基于搜索的解决方案的两倍，但这完全取决于查询字符串的长度和任何匹配的索引

为了完成起见，我以慢速regex方法为基准(大约慢了150%)

function insertParam2(key,value)
{
    key = encodeURIComponent(key); value = encodeURIComponent(value);

    var s = document.location.search;
    var kvp = key+"="+value;

    var r = new RegExp("(&|\\?)"+key+"=[^\&]*");

    s = s.replace(r,"$1"+kvp);

    if(!RegExp.$1) {s += (s.length>0 ? '&' : '?') + kvp;};

    //again, do what you will here
    document.location.search = s;
}

有时我们看到?在URL结尾，我找到了一些解决方案，生成的结果为file.php?&foo=bar。我想出了我自己的解决方案，以完美地工作!

location.origin + location.pathname + location.search + (location.search=='' ? '?' : '&') + 'lang=ar'

注意:位置。origin不能在IE中工作，这里是它的修复。

我会用这个小而完整的库来处理js中的url:

https://github.com/Mikhus/jsurl

此解决方案使用更新的搜索参数更新窗口的当前URL，而无需实际重新加载页面。这种方法在PWA/SPA上下文中很有用。

function setURLSearchParam(key, value) {
  const url = new URL(window.location.href);
  url.searchParams.set(key, value);
  window.history.pushState({ path: url.href }, '', url.href);
}

在URL类中有一个内置函数，你可以使用它来轻松处理查询字符串的键/值参数:

const url = new URL(window.location.href);
// url.searchParams has several function, we just use `set` function
// to set a value, if you just want to append without replacing value
// let use `append` function

url.searchParams.set('key', 'value');

console.log(url.search) // <== '?key=value'

// if window.location.href has already some qs params this `set` function
// modify or append key/value in it

有关searchParams函数的更多信息。

IE不支持URL，请检查兼容性