我试图将一个范围的数字转换为另一个,保持比率。数学不是我的强项。

I have an image file where point values may range from -16000.00 to 16000.00 though the typical range may be much less. What I want to do is compress these values into the integer range 0-100, where 0 is the value of the smallest point, and 100 is the value of the largest. All points in between should keep a relative ratio even though some precision is being lost I'd like to do this in python but even a general algorithm should suffice. I'd prefer an algorithm where the min/max or either range can be adjusted (ie, the second range could be -50 to 800 instead of 0 to 100).


当前回答

下面是一些简单的Python函数,便于复制和粘贴,包括一个扩展整个列表的函数。

def scale_number(unscaled, to_min, to_max, from_min, from_max):
    return (to_max-to_min)*(unscaled-from_min)/(from_max-from_min)+to_min

def scale_list(l, to_min, to_max):
    return [scale_number(i, to_min, to_max, min(l), max(l)) for i in l]

可以这样使用:

scale_list([1,3,4,5], 0, 100)

[0.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0]

在我的例子中,我想缩放一条对数曲线,像这样:

scale_list([math.log(i+1) for i in range(5)], 0, 50)

[0.0, 21.533827903669653, 34.130309724299266, 43.06765580733931, 50.0]

其他回答

这是一个简单的线性变换。

new_value = ( (old_value - old_min) / (old_max - old_min) ) * (new_max - new_min) + new_min

因此,将10000在-16000到16000的范围内转换为0到100的新范围会得到:

old_value = 10000
old_min = -16000
old_max = 16000
new_min = 0
new_max = 100

new_value = ( ( 10000 - -16000 ) / (16000 - -16000) ) * (100 - 0) + 0
          = 81.25

使用Numpy和interp函数,你可以将你的值从旧范围转换为新范围:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.interp(0, [-16000,16000], [0,100])
50.0

你也可以尝试映射一个值列表:

>>> np.interp([-16000,0,12000] ,[-16000,16000], [0,100])
array([ 0. , 50. , 87.5])
NewValue = (((OldValue - OldMin) * (NewMax - NewMin)) / (OldMax - OldMin)) + NewMin

或者更容易读懂:

OldRange = (OldMax - OldMin)  
NewRange = (NewMax - NewMin)  
NewValue = (((OldValue - OldMin) * NewRange) / OldRange) + NewMin

或者如果你想保护旧范围为0的情况(OldMin = OldMax):

OldRange = (OldMax - OldMin)
if (OldRange == 0)
    NewValue = NewMin
else
{
    NewRange = (NewMax - NewMin)  
    NewValue = (((OldValue - OldMin) * NewRange) / OldRange) + NewMin
}

注意,在这种情况下,我们被迫任意选择一个可能的新范围值。根据上下文,明智的选择可能是:NewMin(见示例),NewMax或(NewMin + NewMax) / 2

在由PenguinTD提供的清单中,我不明白为什么范围是颠倒的,它不需要颠倒范围就能工作。线性范围转换基于线性方程Y=Xm+n,其中m和n是从给定的范围推导出来的。与其将范围称为min和max,不如将它们称为1和2。所以公式是:

Y = (((X - x1) * (y2 - y1)) / (x2 - x1)) + y1

当X=x1时Y=y1,当X=x2时Y=y2。X1, x2, y1和y2可以取任意正值或负值。在宏中定义表达式使其更有用,它可以与任何参数名称一起使用。

#define RangeConv(X, x1, x2, y1, y2) (((float)((X - x1) * (y2 - y1)) / (x2 - x1)) + y1)

在所有实参都是整数值的情况下,浮点强制转换将确保浮点除法。 根据应用程序的不同,可能不需要检查x1=x2和y1==y2的范围。

下面是一个Javascript版本,它返回一个函数,对预定的源和目标范围进行重新缩放,最大限度地减少每次必须执行的计算量。

// This function returns a function bound to the 
// min/max source & target ranges given.
// oMin, oMax = source
// nMin, nMax = dest.
function makeRangeMapper(oMin, oMax, nMin, nMax ){
    //range check
    if (oMin == oMax){
        console.log("Warning: Zero input range");
        return undefined;
    };

    if (nMin == nMax){
        console.log("Warning: Zero output range");
        return undefined
    }

    //check reversed input range
    var reverseInput = false;
    let oldMin = Math.min( oMin, oMax );
    let oldMax = Math.max( oMin, oMax );
    if (oldMin != oMin){
        reverseInput = true;
    }

    //check reversed output range
    var reverseOutput = false;  
    let newMin = Math.min( nMin, nMax )
    let newMax = Math.max( nMin, nMax )
    if (newMin != nMin){
        reverseOutput = true;
    }

    // Hot-rod the most common case.
    if (!reverseInput && !reverseOutput) {
        let dNew = newMax-newMin;
        let dOld = oldMax-oldMin;
        return (x)=>{
            return ((x-oldMin)* dNew / dOld) + newMin;
        }
    }

    return (x)=>{
        let portion;
        if (reverseInput){
            portion = (oldMax-x)*(newMax-newMin)/(oldMax-oldMin);
        } else {
            portion = (x-oldMin)*(newMax-newMin)/(oldMax-oldMin)
        }
        let result;
        if (reverseOutput){
            result = newMax - portion;
        } else {
            result = portion + newMin;
        }

        return result;
    }   
}

下面是一个使用该函数将0-1缩放到-0x80000000, 0x7FFFFFFF的示例

let normTo32Fn = makeRangeMapper(0, 1, -0x80000000, 0x7FFFFFFF);
let fs = normTo32Fn(0.5);
let fs2 = normTo32Fn(0);