放弃吧，使用Perl

既然sed不能解决这个问题，就让我们放弃并使用Perl吧，至少它是LSB，而grep GNU扩展不是:-)

Print the entire matching part, no matching groups or lookbehind needed: cat <<EOS | perl -lane 'print m/\d+/g' a1 b2 a34 b56 EOS Output: 12 3456 Single match per line, often structured data fields: cat <<EOS | perl -lape 's/.*?a(\d+).*/$1/g' a1 b2 a34 b56 EOS Output: 1 34 With lookbehind: cat <<EOS | perl -lane 'print m/(?<=a)(\d+)/' a1 b2 a34 b56 EOS Multiple fields: cat <<EOS | perl -lape 's/.*?a(\d+).*?b(\d+).*/$1 $2/g' a1 c0 b2 c0 a34 c0 b56 c0 EOS Output: 1 2 34 56 Multiple matches per line, often unstructured data: cat <<EOS | perl -lape 's/.*?a(\d+)|.*/$1 /g' a1 b2 a34 b56 a78 b90 EOS Output: 1 34 78 With lookbehind: cat EOS<< | perl -lane 'print m/(?<=a)(\d+)/g' a1 b2 a34 b56 a78 b90 EOS Output: 1 3478

Sed最多可以记住9个模式，但是您需要使用转义括号来记住正则表达式的部分内容。

请看这里的例子和更多细节

Try

sed -n -e "/[0-9]/s/^[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\).*$/\1 \2 \3 \4 \5 \6 \7 \8 \9/p"

我在cygwin下得到了这个:

$ (echo "asdf"; \
   echo "1234"; \
   echo "asdf1234adsf1234asdf"; \
   echo "1m2m3m4m5m6m7m8m9m0m1m2m3m4m5m6m7m8m9") | \
  sed -n -e "/[0-9]/s/^[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\).*$/\1 \2 \3 \4 \5 \6 \7 \8 \9/p"

1234
1234 1234
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
$

我相信问题中给出的模式只是举例，目标是匹配任何模式。

如果你有一个允许在模式空间中插入换行符的GNU扩展sed，一个建议是:

> set string = "This is a sample 123 text and some 987 numbers"
>
> set pattern = "[0-9][0-9]*"
> echo $string | sed "s/$pattern/\n&\n/g" | sed -n "/$pattern/p"
123
987
> set pattern = "[a-z][a-z]*"
> echo $string | sed "s/$pattern/\n&\n/g" | sed -n "/$pattern/p"
his
is
a
sample
text
and
some
numbers

这些例子是用tcsh(是的，我知道它是错误的shell)和CYGWIN。(编辑:对于bash，删除set和=周围的空格。)

放弃吧，使用Perl

既然sed不能解决这个问题，就让我们放弃并使用Perl吧，至少它是LSB，而grep GNU扩展不是:-)

Print the entire matching part, no matching groups or lookbehind needed: cat <<EOS | perl -lane 'print m/\d+/g' a1 b2 a34 b56 EOS Output: 12 3456 Single match per line, often structured data fields: cat <<EOS | perl -lape 's/.*?a(\d+).*/$1/g' a1 b2 a34 b56 EOS Output: 1 34 With lookbehind: cat <<EOS | perl -lane 'print m/(?<=a)(\d+)/' a1 b2 a34 b56 EOS Multiple fields: cat <<EOS | perl -lape 's/.*?a(\d+).*?b(\d+).*/$1 $2/g' a1 c0 b2 c0 a34 c0 b56 c0 EOS Output: 1 2 34 56 Multiple matches per line, often unstructured data: cat <<EOS | perl -lape 's/.*?a(\d+)|.*/$1 /g' a1 b2 a34 b56 a78 b90 EOS Output: 1 34 78 With lookbehind: cat EOS<< | perl -lane 'print m/(?<=a)(\d+)/g' a1 b2 a34 b56 a78 b90 EOS Output: 1 3478

这不是OP要求的(捕获组)，但你可以使用以下方法提取数字:

S='This is a sample 123 text and some 987 numbers'
echo "$S" | sed 's/ /\n/g' | sed -r '/([0-9]+)/ !d'

给出以下内容:

123
987