Java字符串真的是不可变的吗?

我们都知道String在Java中是不可变的，但是检查下面的代码:

String s1 = "Hello World";  
String s2 = "Hello World";  
String s3 = s1.substring(6);  
System.out.println(s1); // Hello World  
System.out.println(s2); // Hello World  
System.out.println(s3); // World  

Field field = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");  
field.setAccessible(true);  
char[] value = (char[])field.get(s1);  
value[6] = 'J';  
value[7] = 'a';  
value[8] = 'v';  
value[9] = 'a';  
value[10] = '!';  

System.out.println(s1); // Hello Java!  
System.out.println(s2); // Hello Java!  
System.out.println(s3); // World

为什么这个程序是这样运行的?为什么s1和s2的值变了，而s3的值不变?

当前回答

[免责声明，这是一个故意固执己见的回答风格，因为我觉得一个更“不要在家里这样做，孩子们”的回答是有保证的]

sin是line field.setAccessible(true);它说通过允许访问私有字段来违反公共API。这是一个巨大的安全漏洞，可以通过配置一个安全管理器来锁定。

The phenomenon in the question are implementation details which you would never see when not using that dangerous line of code to violate the access modifiers via reflection. Clearly two (normally) immutable strings can share the same char array. Whether a substring shares the same array depends on whether it can and whether the developer thought to share it. Normally these are invisible implementation details which you should not have to know unless you shoot the access modifier through the head with that line of code.

依赖这些细节并不是一个好主意，因为如果不违反使用反射的访问修饰符就无法体验这些细节。该类的所有者只支持普通的公共API，并且可以在将来自由地进行实现更改。

Having said all that the line of code is really very useful when you have a gun held you your head forcing you to do such dangerous things. Using that back door is usually a code smell that you need to upgrade to better library code where you don't have to sin. Another common use of that dangerous line of code is to write a "voodoo framework" (orm, injection container, ...). Many folks get religious about such frameworks (both for and against them) so I will avoid inviting a flame war by saying nothing other than the vast majority of programmers don't have to go there.

2014-01-08 23:25:45

其他回答

String是不可变的，但是通过反射你可以改变String类。您只是实时地将String类重新定义为可变的。如果需要，可以将方法重新定义为公共的、私有的或静态的。

2014-01-06 21:28:20

这是一个快速指南的一切


        // Character array
        char[] chr = {'O', 'K', '!'};

        // this is String class
        String str1 = new String(chr);
        
        // this is concat
        str1 = str1.concat("another string's ");
        
        // this is format
        System.out.println(String.format(str1 + " %s ", "string"));
        
        // this is equals
        System.out.println(str1.equals("another string"));

        //this is split
        for(String s: str1.split(" ")){
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        // this is length
        System.out.println(str1.length());

        //gives an score of the total change in the length
        System.out.println(str1.compareTo("OK!another string string's"));

        // trim
        System.out.println(str1.trim());

        // intern
        System.out.println(str1.intern());

        // character at
        System.out.println(str1.charAt(5));

        // substring
        System.out.println(str1.substring(5, 12));

        // to uppercase
        System.out.println(str1.toUpperCase());

        // to lowerCase
        System.out.println(str1.toLowerCase());

        // replace
        System.out.println(str1.replace("another", "hello"));

       //   output

        // OK!another string's  string 
        // false
        // OK!another
        // string's
        // 20
        // 7
        // OK!another string's
        // OK!another string's 
        // o
        // other s
        // OK!ANOTHER STRING'S 
        // ok!another string's 
        // OK!hello string's

2021-03-09 20:37:38

补充@haraldK的答案-这是一个安全黑客，可能会导致应用程序的严重影响。

首先要修改存储在字符串池中的常量字符串。当string被声明为string s = "Hello World";时，它被放置到一个特殊的对象池中以供进一步重用。问题是编译器将在编译时放置对修改后版本的引用，一旦用户在运行时修改了存储在此池中的字符串，代码中的所有引用将指向修改后的版本。这将导致以下错误: