首先，确保abc.xml被复制到输出目录。然后你应该使用getResourceAsStream():

InputStream inputStream = 
    Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test/resources/abc.xml");

获得InputStream后，只需将其转换为字符串。这个资源详细说明:http://www.kodejava.org/examples/266.html。但是，我将摘录相关代码:

public String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    if (is != null) {
        Writer writer = new StringWriter();

        char[] buffer = new char[1024];
        try {
            Reader reader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
            int n;
            while ((n = reader.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                writer.write(buffer, 0, n);
            }
        } finally {
            is.close();
        }
        return writer.toString();
    } else {        
        return "";
    }
}

好的，对于JAVA 8，经过大量的调试 我发现两者之间是有区别的

URL tenantPathURI = getClass().getResource("/test_directory/test_file.zip");

and

URL tenantPathURI = getClass().getResource("test_directory/test_file.zip");

是的，在路径开始的/没有它，我得到null!

test_directory在test目录下。

首先，确保abc.xml被复制到输出目录。然后你应该使用getResourceAsStream():

InputStream inputStream = 
    Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test/resources/abc.xml");

获得InputStream后，只需将其转换为字符串。这个资源详细说明:http://www.kodejava.org/examples/266.html。但是，我将摘录相关代码:

public String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    if (is != null) {
        Writer writer = new StringWriter();

        char[] buffer = new char[1024];
        try {
            Reader reader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
            int n;
            while ((n = reader.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                writer.write(buffer, 0, n);
            }
        } finally {
            is.close();
        }
        return writer.toString();
    } else {        
        return "";
    }
}

多亏了Apache Commons，我终于找到了一个简单的解决方案:

package com.example;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
public class FooTest {
  @Test 
  public void shouldWork() throws Exception {
    String xml = IOUtils.toString(
      this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("abc.xml"),
      "UTF-8"
    );
  }
}

完美的工作。文件src/test/resources/com/example/abc.xml被加载(我使用Maven)。

如果你将“abc.xml”替换为“/foo/test.xml”，这个资源将被加载:src/test/resources/foo/test.xml

你也可以使用仙人掌:

package com.example;
import org.cactoos.io.ResourceOf;
import org.cactoos.io.TextOf;
public class FooTest {
  @Test 
  public void shouldWork() throws Exception {
    String xml = new TextOf(
      new ResourceOf("/com/example/abc.xml") // absolute path always!
    ).asString();
  }
}

你可以使用Junit Rule为你的测试创建一个临时文件夹:

@Rule public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
File file = temporaryFolder.newFile(".src/test/resources/abc.xml");

使用谷歌番石榴:

import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.io.Resources;

public String readResource(final String fileName, Charset charset) throws Exception {
        try {
            return Resources.toString(Resources.getResource(fileName), charset);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
        }
}

例子:

String fixture = this.readResource("filename.txt", Charsets.UTF_8)