我发现如果你已经有了一个特定的值列表，那么@S描述的方式。抽签是最好的;然而，下面描述的方法可以很好地在整个代码中添加所有的变量和类，而不需要提供变量名，尽管如果你想要指定它们。可以扩展代码以排除类。

import types
import math  # mainly showing that you could import what you will before d

# Everything after this counts
d = dict(globals())

def kv_test(k,v):
    return (k not in d and 
            k not in ['d','args'] and
            type(v) is not types.FunctionType)

def magic_print(*args):
    if len(args) == 0: 
        return {k:v for k,v in globals().iteritems() if kv_test(k,v)}
    else:
        return {k:v for k,v in magic_print().iteritems() if k in args}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    foo = 1
    bar = 2
    baz = 3
    print magic_print()
    print magic_print('foo')
    print magic_print('foo','bar')

输出:

{'baz': 3, 'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}
{'foo': 1}
{'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}

下面是我创建的读取变量名的函数。它更通用，可以用于不同的应用:

def get_variable_name(*variable):
    '''gets string of variable name
    inputs
        variable (str)
    returns
        string
    '''
    if len(variable) != 1:
        raise Exception('len of variables inputed must be 1')
    try:
        return [k for k, v in locals().items() if v is variable[0]][0]
    except:
        return [k for k, v in globals().items() if v is variable[0]][0]

在特定的问题中使用:

>>> foo = False
>>> bar = True
>>> my_dict = {get_variable_name(foo):foo, 
               get_variable_name(bar):bar}
>>> my_dict
{'bar': True, 'foo': False}

在python3中，该函数将获取堆栈中最外层的名称:

import inspect


def retrieve_name(var):
        """
        Gets the name of var. Does it from the out most frame inner-wards.
        :param var: variable to get name from.
        :return: string
        """
        for fi in reversed(inspect.stack()):
            names = [var_name for var_name, var_val in fi.frame.f_locals.items() if var_val is var]
            if len(names) > 0:
                return names[0]

它在代码的任何地方都有用。遍历反向堆栈，寻找第一个匹配项。

也许我想多了，但是…

str_l = next((k for k,v in locals().items() if id(l) == id(v)))


>>> bar = True
>>> foo = False
>>> my_dict=dict(bar=bar, foo=foo)
>>> next((k for k,v in locals().items() if id(bar) == id(v)))
'bar'
>>> next((k for k,v in locals().items() if id(foo) == id(v)))
'foo'
>>> next((k for k,v in locals().items() if id(my_dict) == id(v)))
'my_dict'

我上传了一个解决方案到pypi。它是一个模块，定义了c#的nameof函数的等价物。

它遍历被调用帧的字节码指令，获取传递给它的变量/属性的名称。这些名称可以在函数名后面的LOAD指令的.argrepr中找到。

虽然这可能是一个糟糕的想法，但它与rlotun的答案相同，但它会更经常地返回正确的结果。

import inspect
def getVarName(getvar):
  frame = inspect.currentframe()
  callerLocals = frame.f_back.f_locals
  for k, v in list(callerLocals.items()):
    if v is getvar():
      callerLocals.pop(k)
      try:
        getvar()
        callerLocals[k] = v
      except NameError:
        callerLocals[k] = v
        del frame
        return k
  del frame

你这样称呼它:

bar = True
foo = False
bean = False
fooName = getVarName(lambda: foo)
print(fooName) # prints "foo"