这是一个moment.js风格的模块，基于@atlex2建议的脏块方法。仅用于测试。

const moment = require('moment');

let sleep = (secondsToSleep = 1) => {
    let sleepUntill = moment().add(secondsToSleep, 'seconds');
    while(moment().isBefore(sleepUntill)) { /* block the process */ }
}

module.exports = sleep;

为了在javascript中“等待”，使用承诺是一种方法，正如上面的答案所示。

那么如何使用它呢?

下面是一个简单的例子，一个5秒的子进程以非阻塞的方式为一个4秒的主进程排队参数。

const wait = (seconds) => 
    new Promise(resolve => 
        setTimeout(() => 
            resolve(true), seconds * 1000))

const process = async (items, prepTask, mainTask) => {
    const queue = [];
    let done = false;

    items.forEach((item, i) => {
        prepTask(item).then(() => {
            queue.push(item);
            if (i == items.length -1) {
                done = true;
            }
        })
    })

    while (!done || queue.length) {
        if (queue.length) {
            const workload = queue.shift();
            await mainTask(workload)
        } else {
            console.log('waiting for subtask to queue')
            await wait(1);
        }
    }
}

// Usage Example

const ids = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10];

const prepTask = async (id) => {
    await wait(id * 5)
    return id * 5;
}

const mainTask = async (workload) => {
    console.log('excuting workload: ', workload);
    const result = await wait(4);
    return { workload, result }
}

process(ids, prepTask, mainTask)
    .then(() => console.log('done'))

有了ES6支持的promise，我们可以在没有任何第三方帮助的情况下使用它们。

const sleep = (seconds) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(resolve, (seconds * 1000));
    });
};

// We are not using `reject` anywhere, but it is good to
// stick to standard signature.

然后这样使用它:

const waitThenDo(howLong, doWhat) => {
    return sleep(howLong).then(doWhat);
};

注意，doWhat函数变成了新的Promise(…)中的解析回调函数。

还要注意，这是异步睡眠。它不会阻塞事件循环。如果你需要阻塞睡眠，使用这个库，它在c++绑定的帮助下实现了阻塞睡眠。(尽管在Node中像异步环境一样需要阻塞睡眠的情况很少。)

https://github.com/erikdubbelboer/node-sleep

从Node.js 15及以上版本开始，你可以使用Timers Promises API。您不再需要承诺setTimeout或依赖第三方库。

import { setTimeout } from 'timers/promises';

await setTimeout(1000);

let co = require('co');
const sleep = ms => new Promise(res => setTimeout(res, ms));

co(function*() {
    console.log('Welcome to My Console,');
    yield sleep(3000);
    console.log('Blah blah blah blah extra-blah');
});

This code above is the side effect of the solving Javascript's asynchronous callback hell problem. This is also the reason I think that makes Javascript a useful language in the backend. Actually this is the most exciting improvement introduced to modern Javascript in my opinion. To fully understand how it works, how generator works needs to be fully understood. The function keyword followed by a * is called a generator function in modern Javascript. The npm package co provided a runner function to run a generator.

本质上，生成器函数提供了一种使用yield关键字暂停函数执行的方法，同时，生成器函数中的yield使生成器内部和调用者之间交换信息成为可能。这为调用方提供了一种机制，可以从异步调用的promise中提取数据，并将已解析的数据传递回生成器。实际上，它使异步调用同步化。

简单，我们将等待5秒钟来等待一些事件发生(这将由done变量在代码中的其他地方设置为true表示)，或者当超时到期时，我们将每100ms检查一次

    var timeout=5000; //will wait for 5 seconds or untildone
    var scope = this; //bind this to scope variable
    (function() {
        if (timeout<=0 || scope.done) //timeout expired or done
        {
            scope.callback();//some function to call after we are done
        }
        else
        {
            setTimeout(arguments.callee,100) //call itself again until done
            timeout -= 100;
        }
    })();