请注意，如果创建的对象在创建后可以更改，则如果该对象插入到集合中，则哈希值不能更改。实际上，这意味着哈希值必须从初始对象创建时开始固定。更多信息请参阅Apple的NSObject协议的-hash方法文档:

If a mutable object is added to a collection that uses hash values to determine the object’s position in the collection, the value returned by the hash method of the object must not change while the object is in the collection. Therefore, either the hash method must not rely on any of the object’s internal state information or you must make sure the object’s internal state information does not change while the object is in the collection. Thus, for example, a mutable dictionary can be put in a hash table but you must not change it while it is in there. (Note that it can be difficult to know whether or not a given object is in a collection.)

对我来说，这听起来完全是无稽之谈，因为它可能会有效地降低哈希查找的效率，但我认为最好还是谨慎行事，并遵循文档所说的。

我发现这个线程非常有帮助，提供了我需要的一切来获得我的isEqual:和哈希方法实现了一个捕获。当测试isEqual中的对象实例变量时:示例代码使用:

if (![(id)[self name] isEqual:[aWidget name]])
    return NO;

当我知道在我的单元测试中对象是相同的时，这个反复失败(即返回NO)而没有和错误。原因是，其中一个NSString实例变量是nil，所以上面的语句是:

if (![nil isEqual: nil])
    return NO;

因为nil会响应任何方法，这是完全合法的，但是

[nil isEqual: nil]

返回nil，这是NO，所以当对象和被测试的对象都有一个nil对象时，它们将被认为是不相等的(即，isEqual:将返回NO)。

这个简单的修复是将if语句更改为:

if ([self name] != [aWidget name] && ![(id)[self name] isEqual:[aWidget name]])
    return NO;

这样，如果它们的地址是相同的，无论它们都是nil或都指向同一个对象，它都会跳过方法调用，但如果其中一个不是nil或它们指向不同的对象，则会适当地调用比较器。

我希望这能让一些人少挠头几分钟。

哈希函数应该创建一个不太可能与另一个对象的哈希值冲突或匹配的半唯一值。

这里是完整的哈希函数，它可以适应你的类实例变量。它使用NSUInteger而不是int来兼容64/32位应用程序。

如果不同对象的结果为0，则会有碰撞散列的风险。当使用一些依赖于哈希函数的集合类时，碰撞哈希会导致意外的程序行为。请确保在使用之前测试您的哈希函数。

-(NSUInteger)hash {
    NSUInteger result = 1;
    NSUInteger prime = 31;
    NSUInteger yesPrime = 1231;
    NSUInteger noPrime = 1237;
    
    // Add any object that already has a hash function (NSString)
    result = prime * result + [self.myObject hash];
    
    // Add primitive variables (int)
    result = prime * result + self.primitiveVariable; 

    // Boolean values (BOOL)
    result = prime * result + (self.isSelected ? yesPrime : noPrime);
    
    return result;
}

请注意，如果创建的对象在创建后可以更改，则如果该对象插入到集合中，则哈希值不能更改。实际上，这意味着哈希值必须从初始对象创建时开始固定。更多信息请参阅Apple的NSObject协议的-hash方法文档:

If a mutable object is added to a collection that uses hash values to determine the object’s position in the collection, the value returned by the hash method of the object must not change while the object is in the collection. Therefore, either the hash method must not rely on any of the object’s internal state information or you must make sure the object’s internal state information does not change while the object is in the collection. Thus, for example, a mutable dictionary can be put in a hash table but you must not change it while it is in there. (Note that it can be difficult to know whether or not a given object is in a collection.)

对我来说，这听起来完全是无稽之谈，因为它可能会有效地降低哈希查找的效率，但我认为最好还是谨慎行事，并遵循文档所说的。

开始

 NSUInteger prime = 31;
 NSUInteger result = 1;

然后对于每一个原始元素

 result = prime * result + var

对于对象，你用0表示nil，否则它们的hashcode。

 result = prime * result + [var hash];

对于布尔值，使用两个不同的值

 result = prime * result + ((var)?1231:1237);

解释与归因

这不是tcurdt的作品，评论要求更多的解释，所以我相信编辑归因是公平的。

This algorithm was popularized in the book "Effective Java", and the relevant chapter can currently be found online here. That book popularized the algorithm, which is now a default in a number of Java applications (including Eclipse). It derived, however, from an even older implementation which is variously attributed to Dan Bernstein or Chris Torek. That older algorithm originally floated around on Usenet, and certain attribution is difficult. For example, there is some interesting commentary in this Apache code (search for their names) that references the original source.

最重要的是，这是一个非常古老，简单的哈希算法。它不是性能最好的，甚至在数学上也没有被证明是一个“好”算法。但它很简单，而且很多人长期使用它，效果很好，所以它有很大的历史支持。

结合@tcurdt的答案和@oscar-gomez的答案来获取属性名，我们可以为isEqual和hash创建一个简单的解决方案:

NSArray *PropertyNamesFromObject(id object)
{
    unsigned int propertyCount = 0;
    objc_property_t * properties = class_copyPropertyList([object class], &propertyCount);
    NSMutableArray *propertyNames = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:propertyCount];

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < propertyCount; ++i) {
        objc_property_t property = properties[i];
        const char * name = property_getName(property);
        NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
        [propertyNames addObject:propertyName];
    }
    free(properties);
    return propertyNames;
}

BOOL IsEqualObjects(id object1, id object2)
{
    if (object1 == object2)
        return YES;
    if (!object1 || ![object2 isKindOfClass:[object1 class]])
        return NO;

    NSArray *propertyNames = PropertyNamesFromObject(object1);
    for (NSString *propertyName in propertyNames) {
        if (([object1 valueForKey:propertyName] != [object2 valueForKey:propertyName])
            && (![[object1 valueForKey:propertyName] isEqual:[object2 valueForKey:propertyName]])) return NO;
    }

    return YES;
}

NSUInteger MagicHash(id object)
{
    NSUInteger prime = 31;
    NSUInteger result = 1;

    NSArray *propertyNames = PropertyNamesFromObject(object);

    for (NSString *propertyName in propertyNames) {
        id value = [object valueForKey:propertyName];
        result = prime * result + [value hash];
    }

    return result;
}

现在，在你的自定义类中，你可以很容易地实现isEqual:和hash:

- (NSUInteger)hash
{
    return MagicHash(self);
}

- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other
{
    return IsEqualObjects(self, other);
}