我正在Ubuntu系统上工作,目前我正在做的是:
if ! which command > /dev/null; then
echo -e "Command not found! Install? (y/n) \c"
read
if "$REPLY" = "y"; then
sudo apt-get install command
fi
fi
大多数人都会这么做吗?还是有更优雅的解决方案?
我正在Ubuntu系统上工作,目前我正在做的是:
if ! which command > /dev/null; then
echo -e "Command not found! Install? (y/n) \c"
read
if "$REPLY" = "y"; then
sudo apt-get install command
fi
fi
大多数人都会这么做吗?还是有更优雅的解决方案?
当前回答
有点以你的为基础,只是更“优雅”一点。只是因为我很无聊。
#!/bin/bash
FOUND=("\033[38;5;10m")
NOTFOUND=("\033[38;5;9m")
PKG="${@:1}"
command ${PKG} &>/dev/null
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] ${PKG} not found [!]"
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Would you like to install ${PKG} now ? [!]"
read -p "[Y/N] >$ " ANSWER
if [[ ${ANSWER} == [yY] || ${ANSWER} == [yY][eE][sS] ]]; then
if grep -q "bian" /etc/os-release; then
sudo apt-get install ${PKG}
elif grep -q "arch" /etc/os-release; then
if [[ -f /bin/yay ]] || [[ -f /bin/yaourt ]]; then
yaourt -S ${PKG} 2>./err || yay -S ${PKG} 2>./err
else
sudo pacman -S ${PKG}
fi
elif grep -q "fedora" /etc/os-release; then
sudo dnf install ${PKG}
else
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] This script couldn't detect your package manager [!]"
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Manually install it [!]"
fi
elif [[ ${ANSWER} == [nN] || ${ANSWER} == [nN][oO] ]]; then
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Exiting [!]"
fi
else
echo -e "${FOUND}[+] ${PKG} found [+]"
fi
其他回答
apt list [packagename]
这似乎是在DPKG和旧apt-*工具之外最简单的方法。
dpkg-query——showformat = " $ {db: Status-Status}”
这将产生一个不太可能改变的小输出字符串,并且很容易在没有grep的情况下进行确定性比较:
pkg=hello
status="$(dpkg-query -W --showformat='${db:Status-Status}' "$pkg" 2>&1)"
if [ ! $? = 0 ] || [ ! "$status" = installed ]; then
sudo apt install $pkg
fi
美元吗?= 0检查是必要的,因为如果你以前从未安装过一个包,并且在你删除某些包(如hello)后,dpkg-query以状态1退出并输出到stderr:
dpkg-query: no packages found matching hello
而不是输出“未安装”。2>&1也会捕获错误消息,阻止它到达终端。
对于多个软件包:
pkgs='hello certbot'
install=false
for pkg in $pkgs; do
status="$(dpkg-query -W --showformat='${db:Status-Status}' "$pkg" 2>&1)"
if [ ! $? = 0 ] || [ ! "$status" = installed ]; then
install=true
break
fi
done
if "$install"; then
sudo apt install $pkgs
fi
可能的状态记录在man dpkg-query中,如下:
n = Not-installed
c = Config-files
H = Half-installed
U = Unpacked
F = Half-configured
W = Triggers-awaiting
t = Triggers-pending
i = Installed
单字母版本可以通过db: status - abbrev获得,但它们与动作和错误状态一起出现,所以您得到3个字符,需要将其删除。
所以我认为它是足够可靠的,依靠非大写的状态(Config-files vs Config-files)不改变。
DPKG -s退出状态
不幸的是,这并不是大多数用户想要的:
pkgs='qemu-user pandoc'
if ! dpkg -s $pkgs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
sudo apt-get install $pkgs
fi
因为对于某些包,例如certbot,执行:
sudo apt install certbot
sudo apt remove certbot
使certbot处于config-files状态,这意味着配置文件留在了机器中。在这种状态下,dpkg -s仍然返回0,因为仍然保留包元数据,以便能够更好地处理那些配置文件。
要实际使dpkg -s按预期返回1,需要——purge:
sudo apt remove --purge certbot
这实际上将它移动到not-installed/dpkg-query:没有找到匹配的包。
注意,只有某些包会留下配置文件。像hello这样更简单的包可以直接从安装到未安装,而不需要——purge。
在Ubuntu 20.10上测试。
Python apt包
在Ubuntu 18.04中有一个预安装的名为apt的Python 3包,它公开了一个Python apt接口!
检查包是否已安装并在未安装时安装它的脚本可以在:如何使用python-apt API安装包中看到
以下是一份副本供参考:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# aptinstall.py
import apt
import sys
pkg_name = "libjs-yui-doc"
cache = apt.cache.Cache()
cache.update()
cache.open()
pkg = cache[pkg_name]
if pkg.is_installed:
print "{pkg_name} already installed".format(pkg_name=pkg_name)
else:
pkg.mark_install()
try:
cache.commit()
except Exception, arg:
print >> sys.stderr, "Sorry, package installation failed [{err}]".format(err=str(arg))
检查可执行文件是否在PATH中
参见:如何从Bash脚本中检查程序是否存在?
另请参阅
https://askubuntu.com/questions/165951/dpkg-get-selections-shows-packages-marked-deinstall https://askubuntu.com/questions/423355/how-do-i-check-if-a-package-is-installed-on-my-server
$name="rsync"
[ `which $name` ] $$ echo "$name : installed" || sudo apt-get install -y $name
这一行代码为“nano”包返回1(已安装)或0(未安装)…
$(dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}' nano 2>/dev/null | grep -c "ok installed")
即使包不存在或不可用。
下面的例子将安装'nano'包,如果它没有安装…
if [ $(dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}' nano 2>/dev/null | grep -c "ok installed") -eq 0 ];
then
apt-get install nano;
fi
Ubuntu添加了它的“个人包存档”(PPA),而PPA包有不同的结果。
A native Debian repository package is not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l apache-perl ~$ echo $? 1 A PPA package registered on the host and installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l libreoffice ~$ echo $? 0 A PPA package registered on the host, but not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l domy-ce ~$ echo $? 0 ~$ sudo apt-get remove domy-ce [sudo] password for user: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package domy-ce is not installed, so not removed 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
测试APT中是否安装了软件包