我正在Ubuntu系统上工作，目前我正在做的是:
if ! which command > /dev/null; then
echo -e "Command not found! Install? (y/n) \c"
read
if "$REPLY" = "y"; then
sudo apt-get install command
fi
fi
大多数人都会这么做吗?还是有更优雅的解决方案?
当前回答
如果只使用awk安装了else 1，则显式打印0:
dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' 'PKG' 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}'
或者如果你喜欢另一种方式，1表示安装，0表示:
dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' 'PKG' 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 1;exit}{print 0}'
**用您的包名替换PKG
便利功能:
installed() {
return $(dpkg-query -W -f '${Status}\n' "${1}" 2>&1|awk '/ok installed/{print 0;exit}{print 1}')
}
# usage:
installed gcc && echo Yes || echo No
#or
if installed gcc; then
echo yes
else
echo no
fi
其他回答
要检查是否安装了packagename，输入:
dpkg -s <packagename>
您还可以使用dpkg-query，它的输出更简洁，而且还接受通配符。
dpkg-query -l <packagename>
要找到哪个包拥有该命令，请尝试:
dpkg -S `which <command>`
有关更多详细信息，请参见文章“了解Linux中是否安装了软件包”和dpkg备忘单。
有点以你的为基础，只是更“优雅”一点。只是因为我很无聊。
#!/bin/bash
FOUND=("\033[38;5;10m")
NOTFOUND=("\033[38;5;9m")
PKG="${@:1}"
command ${PKG} &>/dev/null
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] ${PKG} not found [!]"
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Would you like to install ${PKG} now ? [!]"
read -p "[Y/N] >$ " ANSWER
if [[ ${ANSWER} == [yY] || ${ANSWER} == [yY][eE][sS] ]]; then
if grep -q "bian" /etc/os-release; then
sudo apt-get install ${PKG}
elif grep -q "arch" /etc/os-release; then
if [[ -f /bin/yay ]] || [[ -f /bin/yaourt ]]; then
yaourt -S ${PKG} 2>./err || yay -S ${PKG} 2>./err
else
sudo pacman -S ${PKG}
fi
elif grep -q "fedora" /etc/os-release; then
sudo dnf install ${PKG}
else
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] This script couldn't detect your package manager [!]"
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Manually install it [!]"
fi
elif [[ ${ANSWER} == [nN] || ${ANSWER} == [nN][oO] ]]; then
echo -e "${NOTFOUND}[!] Exiting [!]"
fi
else
echo -e "${FOUND}[+] ${PKG} found [+]"
fi
这个特性已经存在于Ubuntu和Debian的command-not-found包中。
为了更明确一点，这里有一些Bash脚本，用于检查包并在需要时安装它。当然，您可以在发现包丢失时执行其他操作，例如简单地使用错误代码退出。
REQUIRED_PKG="some-package"
PKG_OK=$(dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Status}\n' $REQUIRED_PKG|grep "install ok installed")
echo Checking for $REQUIRED_PKG: $PKG_OK
if [ "" = "$PKG_OK" ]; then
echo "No $REQUIRED_PKG. Setting up $REQUIRED_PKG."
sudo apt-get --yes install $REQUIRED_PKG
fi
如果脚本在GUI中运行(例如，它是一个Nautilus脚本)，您可能想要用'gksudo'调用替换'sudo'调用。
Ubuntu添加了它的“个人包存档”(PPA)，而PPA包有不同的结果。
A native Debian repository package is not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l apache-perl ~$ echo $? 1 A PPA package registered on the host and installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l libreoffice ~$ echo $? 0 A PPA package registered on the host, but not installed: ~$ dpkg-query -l domy-ce ~$ echo $? 0 ~$ sudo apt-get remove domy-ce [sudo] password for user: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package domy-ce is not installed, so not removed 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
测试APT中是否安装了软件包
