我如何在这里写一个文档到Bash脚本文件?
当前回答
例如,你可以使用它:
首先(进行ssh连接):
while read pass port user ip files directs; do
sshpass -p$pass scp -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' -P $port $files $user@$ip:$directs
done <<____HERE
PASS PORT USER IP FILES DIRECTS
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
PASS PORT USER IP FILES DIRECTS
____HERE
第二个(executing的聚会):
while read pass port user ip; do
sshpass -p$pass ssh -p $port $user@$ip <<ENDSSH1
COMMAND 1
.
.
.
COMMAND n
ENDSSH1
done <<____HERE
PASS PORT USER IP
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
PASS PORT USER IP
____HERE
第三(执行命令):
Script=$'
#Your commands
'
while read pass port user ip; do
sshpass -p$pass ssh -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' -p $port $user@$ip "$Script"
done <<___HERE
PASS PORT USER IP
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
PASS PORT USER IP
___HERE
(使用变量)。
while read pass port user ip fileoutput; do
sshpass -p$pass ssh -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' -p $port $user@$ip fileinput=$fileinput 'bash -s'<<ENDSSH1
#Your command > $fileinput
#Your command > $fileinput
ENDSSH1
done <<____HERE
PASS PORT USER IP FILE-OUTPUT
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
PASS PORT USER IP FILE-OUTPUT
____HERE
其他回答
使用tee代替cat和I/O重定向可能会有用:
tee newfile <<EOF
line 1
line 2
line 3
EOF
它更简洁,而且与重定向操作符不同,如果您需要以根权限写入文件,它可以与sudo结合使用。
例如,你可以使用它:
首先(进行ssh连接):
while read pass port user ip files directs; do
sshpass -p$pass scp -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' -P $port $files $user@$ip:$directs
done <<____HERE
PASS PORT USER IP FILES DIRECTS
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
PASS PORT USER IP FILES DIRECTS
____HERE
第二个(executing的聚会):
while read pass port user ip; do
sshpass -p$pass ssh -p $port $user@$ip <<ENDSSH1
COMMAND 1
.
.
.
COMMAND n
ENDSSH1
done <<____HERE
PASS PORT USER IP
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
PASS PORT USER IP
____HERE
第三(执行命令):
Script=$'
#Your commands
'
while read pass port user ip; do
sshpass -p$pass ssh -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' -p $port $user@$ip "$Script"
done <<___HERE
PASS PORT USER IP
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
PASS PORT USER IP
___HERE
(使用变量)。
while read pass port user ip fileoutput; do
sshpass -p$pass ssh -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' -p $port $user@$ip fileinput=$fileinput 'bash -s'<<ENDSSH1
#Your command > $fileinput
#Your command > $fileinput
ENDSSH1
done <<____HERE
PASS PORT USER IP FILE-OUTPUT
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
PASS PORT USER IP FILE-OUTPUT
____HERE
阅读高级bash脚本编写指南第19章。这里的文档。
下面是一个将内容写入/tmp/yourfilehere文件的示例
cat << EOF > /tmp/yourfilehere
These contents will be written to the file.
This line is indented.
EOF
注意,最后的'EOF'(限制字符串)在单词前面不应该有任何空白,因为这意味着限制字符串将不会被识别。
在shell脚本中,您可能希望使用缩进来使代码可读,但这可能会产生对here文档中的文本缩进的不良影响。在这种情况下,使用<<-(后面跟着破折号)禁用开头的制表符(注意,为了测试这一点,您需要用制表符替换开头的空白,因为我不能在这里打印实际的制表符)。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if true ; then
cat <<- EOF > /tmp/yourfilehere
The leading tab is ignored.
EOF
fi
如果你不想解释文本中的变量,那么使用单引号:
cat << 'EOF' > /tmp/yourfilehere
The variable $FOO will not be interpreted.
EOF
通过命令管道来管道heredoc:
cat <<'EOF' | sed 's/a/b/'
foo
bar
baz
EOF
输出:
foo
bbr
bbz
... 或者使用sudo将heredoc写入文件:
cat <<'EOF' | sed 's/a/b/' | sudo tee /etc/config_file.conf
foo
bar
baz
EOF
对于将来可能遇到这个问题的人,下面的格式是有效的:
(cat <<- _EOF_
LogFile /var/log/clamd.log
LogTime yes
DatabaseDirectory /var/lib/clamav
LocalSocket /tmp/clamd.socket
TCPAddr 127.0.0.1
SelfCheck 1020
ScanPDF yes
_EOF_
) > /etc/clamd.conf
注意:
以下是本主题中其他答案的浓缩和组织,尤其是Stefan Lasiewski和Serge Stroobandt的优秀作品 Lasiewski和我推荐高级bash脚本编写指南中的Ch 19 (Here Documents)
问题(如何在bash脚本中将here文档(又名heredoc)写入文件?)有(至少)3个主要的独立维度或子问题:
要覆盖现有文件、追加到现有文件还是写入新文件? 您的用户或其他用户(例如root)拥有该文件吗? 您是想按字面意思写heredoc的内容,还是让bash在heredoc内解释变量引用?
(还有其他我认为不重要的方面/子问题。考虑编辑这个答案来添加它们!)下面是上面列出的问题的一些更重要的维度组合,使用各种不同的分隔标识符——关于EOF没有什么神圣的,只要确保你用作分隔标识符的字符串没有出现在你的heredoc中:
To overwrite an existing file (or write to a new file) that you own, substituting variable references inside the heredoc: cat << EOF > /path/to/your/file This line will write to the file. ${THIS} will also write to the file, with the variable contents substituted. EOF To append an existing file (or write to a new file) that you own, substituting variable references inside the heredoc: cat << FOE >> /path/to/your/file This line will write to the file. ${THIS} will also write to the file, with the variable contents substituted. FOE To overwrite an existing file (or write to a new file) that you own, with the literal contents of the heredoc: cat << 'END_OF_FILE' > /path/to/your/file This line will write to the file. ${THIS} will also write to the file, without the variable contents substituted. END_OF_FILE To append an existing file (or write to a new file) that you own, with the literal contents of the heredoc: cat << 'eof' >> /path/to/your/file This line will write to the file. ${THIS} will also write to the file, without the variable contents substituted. eof To overwrite an existing file (or write to a new file) owned by root, substituting variable references inside the heredoc: cat << until_it_ends | sudo tee /path/to/your/file This line will write to the file. ${THIS} will also write to the file, with the variable contents substituted. until_it_ends To append an existing file (or write to a new file) owned by user=foo, with the literal contents of the heredoc: cat << 'Screw_you_Foo' | sudo -u foo tee -a /path/to/your/file This line will write to the file. ${THIS} will also write to the file, without the variable contents substituted. Screw_you_Foo