约书亚·布洛赫在《有效的Java》中说过

为以下情况使用检查异常 可恢复条件和运行时 编程错误的例外 (第二版第58项)

看看我理解的对不对。

以下是我对受控异常的理解:

try{
    String userInput = //read in user input
    Long id = Long.parseLong(userInput);
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
    id = 0; //recover the situation by setting the id to 0
}

1. 上述异常是否被认为是受控异常?

2. RuntimeException是未检查的异常吗?

以下是我对未检查异常的理解:

try{
    File file = new File("my/file/path");
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){

//3. What should I do here?
    //Should I "throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found");"?
    //Should I log?
    //Or should I System.exit(0);?
}

4. 现在,上面的代码不能也是一个受控异常吗?我可以试着挽回这样的局面吗?我可以吗?(注:我的第三个问题在上面的陷阱里)

try{
    String filePath = //read in from user input file path
    File file = new File(filePath);
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){
    //Kindly prompt the user an error message
    //Somehow ask the user to re-enter the file path.
}

5. 人们为什么要这样做?

public void someMethod throws Exception{

}

为什么他们让异常冒出来?早点处理错误不是更好吗?为什么要冒出来?

6. 我是否应该冒泡出确切的异常或使用异常掩盖它?

以下是我的阅读资料

在Java中,什么时候应该创建检查异常,什么时候应该是运行时异常?

何时选择已检查异常和未检查异常


当前回答

已检查-容易发生。在编译时选中。

小薇。FileOperations

未检查-由于不良数据。在运行时签入。

如. .

String s = "abc";
Object o = s;
Integer i = (Integer) o;

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.lang.Integer
    at Sample.main(Sample.java:9)

这里的异常是由于错误的数据,在编译时无法确定。

其他回答

需要指出的是,如果在代码中抛出一个受控异常,而catch在上面几层,则需要在您和catch之间的每个方法的签名中声明异常。因此,封装被破坏了,因为抛出路径中的所有函数都必须知道该异常的详细信息。

运行时异常: 运行时异常被称为未检查的异常。所有其他例外 是受控异常,并且它们不是派生自java.lang.RuntimeException。

检查异常: 必须在代码中的某个地方捕获受控异常。如果您调用 方法,该方法引发已检查异常,但您没有捕获该已检查异常 在某些地方,您的代码将无法编译。这就是为什么他们被称为检查 异常:编译器检查以确保它们被处理或声明。

Java API中的许多方法都会抛出检查过的异常,因此您将经常编写异常处理程序来处理由您没有编写的方法生成的异常。

许多人说检查异常(即你应该显式地捕获或重新抛出的异常)根本不应该使用。例如,它们在c#中被淘汰了,大多数语言都没有它们。因此,您总是可以抛出RuntimeException的子类(未检查的异常)

然而,我认为受控异常是有用的——当你想强迫API的用户思考如何处理异常情况(如果它是可恢复的)时,就使用它们。只是受控异常在Java平台中被过度使用了,这让人们讨厌它们。

以下是我对这个话题的扩展观点。

关于具体问题:

Is the NumberFormatException consider a checked exception? No. NumberFormatException is unchecked (= is subclass of RuntimeException). Why? I don't know. (but there should have been a method isValidInteger(..)) Is RuntimeException an unchecked exception? Yes, exactly. What should I do here? It depends on where this code is and what you want to happen. If it is in the UI layer - catch it and show a warning; if it's in the service layer - don't catch it at all - let it bubble. Just don't swallow the exception. If an exception occurs in most of the cases you should choose one of these: log it and return rethrow it (declare it to be thrown by the method) construct a new exception by passing the current one in constructor Now, couldn't the above code also be a checked exception? I can try to recover the situation like this? Can I? It could've been. But nothing stops you from catching the unchecked exception as well Why do people add class Exception in the throws clause? Most often because people are lazy to consider what to catch and what to rethrow. Throwing Exception is a bad practice and should be avoided.

遗憾的是,没有单一的规则可以让您决定何时捕获、何时重新抛出、何时使用已检查异常和何时使用未检查异常。我同意这会导致很多混乱和很多糟糕的代码。布洛赫阐述了总体原则(你引用了其中的一部分)。一般的原则是将异常重新抛出到可以处理它的层。

如果有人想要另一个不喜欢受控异常的证明,请参阅流行JSON库的前几段:

虽然这是一个受控异常,但它很少是可恢复的。大多数调用方应该简单地将此异常包装在未检查的异常中并重新抛出:"

那么,如果我们应该“简单地包装它”,为什么世界上有人会让开发人员不断检查异常呢?哈哈

http://developer.android.com/reference/org/json/JSONException.html

Java distinguishes between two categories of exceptions (checked & unchecked). Java enforces a catch or declared requirement for checked exceptions. An exception's type determines whether an exception is checked or unchecked. All exception types that are direct or indirect subclasses of class RuntimeException are unchecked exception. All classes that inherit from class Exception but not RuntimeException are considered to be checked exceptions. Classes that inherit from class Error are considered to be unchecked. Compiler checks each method call and deceleration to determine whether the method throws checked exception. If so the compiler ensures the exception is caught or is declared in a throws clause. To satisfy the declare part of the catch-or-declare requirement, the method that generates the exception must provide a throws clause containing the checked-exception. Exception classes are defined to be checked when they are considered important enough to catch or declare.