理解Java中的检查异常和未检查异常

约书亚·布洛赫在《有效的Java》中说过

为以下情况使用检查异常可恢复条件和运行时编程错误的例外 (第二版第58项)

看看我理解的对不对。

以下是我对受控异常的理解:

try{
    String userInput = //read in user input
    Long id = Long.parseLong(userInput);
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
    id = 0; //recover the situation by setting the id to 0
}

1. 上述异常是否被认为是受控异常?

2. RuntimeException是未检查的异常吗?

以下是我对未检查异常的理解:

try{
    File file = new File("my/file/path");
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){

//3. What should I do here?
    //Should I "throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found");"?
    //Should I log?
    //Or should I System.exit(0);?
}

4. 现在，上面的代码不能也是一个受控异常吗?我可以试着挽回这样的局面吗?我可以吗?(注:我的第三个问题在上面的陷阱里)

try{
    String filePath = //read in from user input file path
    File file = new File(filePath);
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){
    //Kindly prompt the user an error message
    //Somehow ask the user to re-enter the file path.
}

5. 人们为什么要这样做?

public void someMethod throws Exception{

}

为什么他们让异常冒出来?早点处理错误不是更好吗?为什么要冒出来?

6. 我是否应该冒泡出确切的异常或使用异常掩盖它?

以下是我的阅读资料

在Java中，什么时候应该创建检查异常，什么时候应该是运行时异常?

何时选择已检查异常和未检查异常

当前回答

所有异常都必须是检查异常。

Unchecked exceptions are unrestricted gotos. And unrestricted gotos are considered a bad thing. Unchecked exceptions break encapsulation. To process them correctly, all the functions in the call tree between the thrower and the catcher must be known to avoid bugs. Exceptions are errors in the function that throws them but not errors in the function that processes them. The purpose of exceptions is to give the program a second chance by deferring the decision of whether it's an error or not to another context. It's only in the other context can the correct decision be made.

2018-02-01 12:36:08

其他回答

如果有人想要另一个不喜欢受控异常的证明，请参阅流行JSON库的前几段:

虽然这是一个受控异常，但它很少是可恢复的。大多数调用方应该简单地将此异常包装在未检查的异常中并重新抛出:"

那么，如果我们应该“简单地包装它”，为什么世界上有人会让开发人员不断检查异常呢?哈哈

http://developer.android.com/reference/org/json/JSONException.html

2014-04-08 02:58:23

已检查-容易发生。在编译时选中。

小薇。FileOperations

未检查-由于不良数据。在运行时签入。

如. .

String s = "abc";
Object o = s;
Integer i = (Integer) o;

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.lang.Integer
    at Sample.main(Sample.java:9)

这里的异常是由于错误的数据，在编译时无法确定。

2015-07-24 16:58:37

需要指出的是，如果在代码中抛出一个受控异常，而catch在上面几层，则需要在您和catch之间的每个方法的签名中声明异常。因此，封装被破坏了，因为抛出路径中的所有函数都必须知道该异常的详细信息。

2016-10-18 23:09:56

所有这些都是受控异常。未检查的异常是RuntimeException的子类。问题不在于如何处理它们，而在于你的代码是否应该抛出它们。如果你不想让编译器告诉你你还没有处理一个异常，那么你可以使用一个未检查的(RuntimeException的子类)异常。这些应该保存在你无法恢复的情况下，比如内存不足等。

2011-05-24 19:53:43

Java distinguishes between two categories of exceptions (checked & unchecked). Java enforces a catch or declared requirement for checked exceptions. An exception's type determines whether an exception is checked or unchecked. All exception types that are direct or indirect subclasses of class RuntimeException are unchecked exception. All classes that inherit from class Exception but not RuntimeException are considered to be checked exceptions. Classes that inherit from class Error are considered to be unchecked. Compiler checks each method call and deceleration to determine whether the method throws checked exception. If so the compiler ensures the exception is caught or is declared in a throws clause. To satisfy the declare part of the catch-or-declare requirement, the method that generates the exception must provide a throws clause containing the checked-exception. Exception classes are defined to be checked when they are considered important enough to catch or declare.

2014-10-02 20:21:54

理解Java中的检查异常和未检查异常

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