好吧，既然我们有意见:

我认为表名应该是复数。表是实体的集合(表)。每一行表示一个实体，表表示集合。因此，我将Person实体表称为People(或Persons，随您喜欢)。

对于那些喜欢在查询中看到单一“实体名称”的人来说，这就是我使用表别名的原因:

SELECT person.Name
FROM People person

有点像LINQ的“from person in people select person. name”。

至于2、3和4，我同意@Lars的观点。

--Example SQL

CREATE TABLE D001_Students
(
    StudentID INTEGER CONSTRAINT nnD001_STID NOT NULL,
    ChristianName NVARCHAR(255) CONSTRAINT nnD001_CHNA NOT NULL,
    Surname NVARCHAR(255) CONSTRAINT nnD001_SURN NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pkD001 PRIMARY KEY(StudentID)
);

CREATE INDEX idxD001_STID on D001_Students;

CREATE TABLE D002_Classes
(
    ClassID INTEGER CONSTRAINT nnD002_CLID NOT NULL,
    StudentID INTEGER CONSTRAINT nnD002_STID NOT NULL,
    ClassName NVARCHAR(255) CONSTRAINT nnD002_CLNA NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pkD001 PRIMARY KEY(ClassID, StudentID),
    CONSTRAINT fkD001_STID FOREIGN KEY(StudentID) 
        REFERENCES D001_Students(StudentID)
);

CREATE INDEX idxD002_CLID on D002_Classes;

CREATE VIEW V001_StudentClasses
(
    SELECT
        D001.ChristianName,
        D001.Surname,
        D002.ClassName
    FROM
        D001_Students D001
            INNER JOIN
        D002_Classes D002
            ON
        D001.StudentID = D002.StudentID
);

这些是我学到的惯例，但是您应该适应您的开发软管使用的任何东西。

复数。它是实体的集合。 是的。属性是一个实体的单一属性的表示。 是的，前缀表名允许轻松跟踪所有约束索引和表别名的命名。 表和列名用大小写，索引和约束用前缀+ ALL大写。

SELECT 
   UserID, FirstName, MiddleInitial, LastName
FROM Users
ORDER BY LastName

我知道这有点晚了，这个问题已经得到了很好的回答，但我想就#3关于列名前缀的问题提出我的看法。

所有列都应该使用一个对定义它们的表唯一的前缀命名。

例如，给定表“customer”和“address”，让我们分别使用前缀“cust”和“addr”。"customer"中会有"cust_id"， "cust_name"等。“address”将包含“addr_id”，“addr_cust_id”(FK返回给客户)，“addr_street”等。

当我第一次看到这个标准时，我坚决反对它;我讨厌这个主意。我无法忍受所有额外的输入和冗余。现在我已经有了足够的经验，我再也不会回去了。

这样做的结果是数据库模式中的所有列都是唯一的。这有一个主要的好处，它压倒了所有反对它的论点(当然，在我看来):

您可以搜索整个代码库，并可靠地找到涉及特定列的每一行代码。

The benefit from #1 is incredibly huge. I can deprecate a column and know exactly what files need to be updated before the column can safely be removed from the schema. I can change the meaning of a column and know exactly what code needs to be refactored. Or I can simply tell if data from a column is even being used in a particular portion of the system. I can't count the number of times this has turned a potentially huge project into a simple one, nor the amount of hours we've saved in development work.

另一个相对较小的好处是，当你进行自连接时，你只需要使用表别名:

SELECT cust_id, cust_name, addr_street, addr_city, addr_state
    FROM customer
        INNER JOIN address ON addr_cust_id = cust_id
    WHERE cust_name LIKE 'J%';

表名为单数。假设您正在建模某人与其地址之间的关系。 例如，如果您正在读取一个数据模型，您会选择 每个人可以住在0、1或多个地址。”或 每个人可以住在0、1或多个地址。 我认为用复数的称呼比把人写成person更容易。加上集合名词通常与单数名词不同。

我们的偏好:

Should table names be plural? Never. The arguments for it being a collection make sense, but you never know what the table is going to contain (0,1 or many items). Plural rules make the naming unnecessarily complicated. 1 House, 2 houses, mouse vs mice, person vs people, and we haven't even looked at any other languages. Update person set property = 'value' acts on each person in the table. Select * from person where person.name = 'Greg' returns a collection/rowset of person rows. Should column names be singular? Usually, yes, except where you are breaking normalisation rules. Should I prefix tables or columns? Mostly a platform preference. We prefer to prefix columns with the table name. We don't prefix tables, but we do prefix views (v_) and stored_procedures (sp_ or f_ (function)). That helps people who want to try to upday v_person.age which is actually a calculated field in a view (which can't be UPDATEd anyway). It is also a great way to avoid keyword collision (delivery.from breaks, but delivery_from does not). It does make the code more verbose, but often aids in readability. bob = new person() bob.person_name = 'Bob' bob.person_dob = '1958-12-21' ... is very readable and explicit. This can get out of hand though: customer.customer_customer_type_id indicates a relationship between customer and the customer_type table, indicates the primary key on the customer_type table (customer_type_id) and if you ever see 'customer_customer_type_id' whilst debugging a query, you know instantly where it is from (customer table). or where you have a M-M relationship between customer_type and customer_category (only certain types are available to certain categories) customer_category_customer_type_id ... is a little (!) on the long side. Should I use any case in naming items? Yes - lower case :), with underscores. These are very readable and cross platform. Together with 3 above it also makes sense. Most of these are preferences though. - As long as you are consistent, it should be predictable for anyone that has to read it.