myPlugin.start($val); // Tried this, didn't work

它不起作用，因为就JavaScript而言，$val是未定义的，即PHP代码没有为$val输出任何东西。试着在浏览器中查看源代码，下面是你将看到的:

myPlugin.start(); // I tried this, and it didn't work

And

<?php myPlugin.start($val); ?> // This didn't work either

这并不管用，因为PHP将尝试将myPlugin视为常量，当失败时，它将尝试将其视为字符串'myPlugin'，它将尝试与PHP函数start()的输出连接，由于这是未定义的，它将产生一个致命的错误。

And

 myPlugin.start(<?=$val?> // This works sometimes, but sometimes it fails

虽然这是最有可能工作的，因为PHP代码生成了带有预期参数的有效JavaScript，但如果失败，很可能是因为myPlugin还没有准备好。检查你的执行顺序。

您还应该注意到，PHP代码输出是不安全的，应该使用json_encode()进行过滤。

EDIT

因为我没有注意到myPlugin.start(<?=$val?>: \

正如@Second Rikudo指出的那样，要正确工作，$val需要包含右括号，例如:$val="42);"

这意味着PHP现在将生成myPlugin.start(42);并在JavaScript代码执行时按预期工作。

我通常在HTML中使用data-*属性。

<div
    class="service-container"
    data-service="<?= htmlspecialchars($myService->getValue()) ?>"
>

</div>

<script>
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $('.service-container').each(function() {
            var container = $(this);
            var service = container.data('service');

            // Var "service" now contains the value of $myService->getValue();
        });
    });
</script>

这个例子使用了jQuery，但是它可以用于其他库或普通JavaScript。

你可以在这里阅读更多关于dataset属性的信息:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement.dataset

我非常喜欢WordPress使用其enqueue和本地化函数的工作方式，因此遵循这个模型，我编写了一个简单的类，根据脚本依赖关系将脚本放入页面，并为脚本提供额外的数据。

class mHeader {

    private $scripts = array();

    /**
     * @param string $id        Unique script identifier
     * @param string $src      Script src attribute
     * @param array  $deps       An array of dependencies ( script identifiers ).
     * @param array  $data       An array, data that will be json_encoded and available to the script.
     */
    function enqueue_script($id, $src, $deps = array(), $data = array()) {
        $this->scripts[$id] = array('src' => $src, 'deps' => $deps, 'data' => $data);
    }

    private function dependencies($script) {
        if ($script['deps']) {
            return array_map(array($this, 'dependencies'), array_intersect_key($this->scripts, array_flip($script['deps'])));
        }
    }

    private function _unset($key, &$deps, &$out) {
        $out[$key] = $this->scripts[$key];
        unset($deps[$key]);
    }

    private function flattern(&$deps, &$out = array()) {

        foreach($deps as $key => $value) {
            empty($value) ? $this->_unset($key, $deps, $out) : $this->flattern( $deps[$key], $out);
        }
    }

    function print_scripts() {

        if (!$this->scripts)
            return;

        $deps = array_map(array($this, 'dependencies'), $this->scripts);
        while ($deps)
            $this->flattern($deps, $js);

        foreach($js as $key => $script) {
            $script['data'] && printf("<script> var %s = %s; </script>" . PHP_EOL, key($script['data']), json_encode(current( $script['data'])));
            echo "<script id=\"$key-js\" src=\"$script[src]\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>" . PHP_EOL;
        }
    }
}

对enqueue_script()函数的调用用于添加脚本、设置脚本的源和对其他脚本的依赖关系，以及脚本所需的其他数据。

$header = new mHeader();

$header->enqueue_script('jquery-ui', '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.min.js', array('jquery'));
$header->enqueue_script('jquery', '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js');
$header->enqueue_script('custom-script', '//custom-script.min.js', array('jquery-ui'), array('mydata' => array('value' => 20)));

$header->print_scripts();

并且，上面示例的print_scripts()方法将发送以下输出:

<script id="jquery-js" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script id="jquery-ui-js" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script> var mydata = {"value":20}; </script>
<script id="custom-script-js" src="//custom-script.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

不管脚本'jquery'是在'jquery-ui'之后排队，它是在'jquery-ui'中定义的，它依赖于'jquery'，所以它是在'jquery-ui'之前打印的。 额外的数据为'自定义脚本'是在一个新的脚本块，并放在它前面，它包含mydata对象，持有额外的数据，现在可用于'自定义脚本'。

诀窍是这样的:

下面是使用该变量的“PHP”: <？php $name = 'PHP变量'; 回声的< >脚本; 返回'var name = '。json_encode()美元。';; 回声的> < /脚本; ? > 现在你有了一个名为“name”的JavaScript变量，下面是使用该变量的JavaScript代码: <脚本> console.log(“我无处不在”+名字); > < /脚本

试试这个:

<?php
    echo "<script> var x = " . json_encode($phpVariable) . "</script>";
?>

--

-在尝试了一段时间之后

虽然它可以工作，但是它降低了性能。因为PHP是服务器端脚本，而JavaScript是用户端。

实际上有几种方法可以做到这一点。有些比其他的需要更多的开销，有些被认为比其他的更好。

排名不分先后:

使用AJAX从服务器获取所需的数据。 将数据回显到页面的某处，并使用JavaScript从DOM获取信息。 将数据直接回显到JavaScript。

在这篇文章中，我们将研究上述每种方法，并了解每种方法的优缺点，以及如何实现它们。

1. 使用AJAX从服务器获取所需的数据

这种方法被认为是最好的，因为您的服务器端和客户端脚本是完全独立的。

Pros

Better separation between layers - If tomorrow you stop using PHP, and want to move to a servlet, a REST API, or some other service, you don't have to change much of the JavaScript code. More readable - JavaScript is JavaScript, PHP is PHP. Without mixing the two, you get more readable code on both languages. Allows for asynchronous data transfer - Getting the information from PHP might be time/resources expensive. Sometimes you just don't want to wait for the information, load the page, and have the information reach whenever. Data is not directly found on the markup - This means that your markup is kept clean of any additional data, and only JavaScript sees it.

Cons

Latency - AJAX creates an HTTP request, and HTTP requests are carried over network and have network latencies. State - Data fetched via a separate HTTP request won't include any information from the HTTP request that fetched the HTML document. You may need this information (e.g., if the HTML document is generated in response to a form submission) and, if you do, will have to transfer it across somehow. If you have ruled out embedding the data in the page (which you have if you are using this technique) then that limits you to cookies/sessions which may be subject to race conditions.

实现示例

使用AJAX，你需要两个页面，一个是PHP生成输出的页面，另一个是JavaScript获得输出的页面:

get-data.php

/* Do some operation here, like talk to the database, the file-session
 * The world beyond, limbo, the city of shimmers, and Canada.
 *
 * AJAX generally uses strings, but you can output JSON, HTML and XML as well.
 * It all depends on the Content-type header that you send with your AJAX
 * request. */

echo json_encode(42); // In the end, you need to `echo` the result.
                      // All data should be `json_encode`-d.

                      // You can `json_encode` any value in PHP, arrays, strings,
                      // even objects.

Index.php(或任何实际页面的命名方式)

<!-- snip -->
<script>
    fetch("get-data.php")
        .then((response) => {
            if(!response.ok){ // Before parsing (i.e. decoding) the JSON data,
                              // check for any errors.
                // In case of an error, throw.
                throw new Error("Something went wrong!");
            }

            return response.json(); // Parse the JSON data.
        })
        .then((data) => {
             // This is where you handle what to do with the response.
             alert(data); // Will alert: 42
        })
        .catch((error) => {
             // This is where you handle errors.
        });
</script>
<!-- snip -->

上述两个文件的组合将在文件加载完成时提醒42。

更多的阅读材料

使用Fetch API 如何从异步调用返回响应?

2. 将数据回显到页面的某处，并使用JavaScript从DOM获取信息

这种方法不如AJAX好，但仍然有它的优点。PHP和JavaScript之间仍然是相对分离的在某种意义上，JavaScript中没有PHP。

Pros

快速——DOM操作通常很快，您可以相对快速地存储和访问大量数据。

Cons

Potentially Unsemantic Markup - Usually, what happens is that you use some sort of <input type=hidden> to store the information, because it's easier to get the information out of inputNode.value, but doing so means that you have a meaningless element in your HTML. HTML has the <meta> element for data about the document, and HTML 5 introduces data-* attributes for data specifically for reading with JavaScript that can be associated with particular elements. Dirties up the Source - Data that PHP generates is outputted directly to the HTML source, meaning that you get a bigger and less focused HTML source. Harder to get structured data - Structured data will have to be valid HTML, otherwise you'll have to escape and convert strings yourself. Tightly couples PHP to your data logic - Because PHP is used in presentation, you can't separate the two cleanly.

实现示例

因此，我们的想法是创建某种元素，它不会显示给用户，但对JavaScript是可见的。

index . php

<!-- snip -->
<div id="dom-target" style="display: none;">
    <?php
        $output = "42"; // Again, do some operation, get the output.
        echo htmlspecialchars($output); /* You have to escape because the result
                                           will not be valid HTML otherwise. */
    ?>
</div>
<script>
    var div = document.getElementById("dom-target");
    var myData = div.textContent;
</script>
<!-- snip -->

3.将数据直接回显到JavaScript

这可能是最容易理解的。

Pros

非常容易实现——它需要非常少的实现和理解。 不会弄脏源代码——变量直接输出到JavaScript，所以DOM不受影响。

Cons

将PHP与数据逻辑紧密结合——因为PHP用于表示，所以不能将两者清晰地分开。

实现示例

实现相对简单:

<!-- snip -->
<script>
    var data = <?php echo json_encode("42", JSON_HEX_TAG); ?>; // Don't forget the extra semicolon!
</script>
<!-- snip -->

好运！