OS X还没有使用bash 4，也没有/usr/bin/timeout，所以这里有一个在OS X上工作的函数，没有自制或macports，类似于/usr/bin/timeout(基于Tino的回答)。参数验证、帮助、使用和对其他信号的支持是读者的练习。

# implement /usr/bin/timeout only if it doesn't exist
[ -n "$(type -p timeout 2>&1)" ] || function timeout { (
    set -m +b
    sleep "$1" &
    SPID=${!}
    ("${@:2}"; RETVAL=$?; kill ${SPID}; exit $RETVAL) &
    CPID=${!}
    wait %1
    SLEEPRETVAL=$?
    if [ $SLEEPRETVAL -eq 0 ] && kill ${CPID} >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
      RETVAL=124
      # When you need to make sure it dies
      #(sleep 1; kill -9 ${CPID} >/dev/null 2>&1)&
      wait %2
    else
      wait %2
      RETVAL=$?
    fi
    return $RETVAL
) }

我认为这正是你所要求的:

http://www.bashcookbook.com/bashinfo/source/bash-4.0/examples/scripts/timeout3

#!/bin/bash
#
# The Bash shell script executes a command with a time-out.
# Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If the signal
# is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.
#
# Based on the Bash documentation example.

# Hello Chet,
# please find attached a "little easier"  :-)  to comprehend
# time-out example.  If you find it suitable, feel free to include
# anywhere: the very same logic as in the original examples/scripts, a
# little more transparent implementation to my taste.
#
# Dmitry V Golovashkin <Dmitry.Golovashkin@sas.com>

scriptName="${0##*/}"

declare -i DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=9
declare -i DEFAULT_INTERVAL=1
declare -i DEFAULT_DELAY=1

# Timeout.
declare -i timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
# Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
declare -i interval=DEFAULT_INTERVAL
# Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the process by SIGKILL.
declare -i delay=DEFAULT_DELAY

function printUsage() {
    cat <<EOF

Synopsis
    $scriptName [-t timeout] [-i interval] [-d delay] command
    Execute a command with a time-out.
    Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If SIGTERM
    signal is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.

    -t timeout
        Number of seconds to wait for command completion.
        Default value: $DEFAULT_TIMEOUT seconds.

    -i interval
        Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
        Positive integer, default value: $DEFAULT_INTERVAL seconds.

    -d delay
        Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the
        process by SIGKILL. Default value: $DEFAULT_DELAY seconds.

As of today, Bash does not support floating point arithmetic (sleep does),
therefore all delay/time values must be integers.
EOF
}

# Options.
while getopts ":t:i:d:" option; do
    case "$option" in
        t) timeout=$OPTARG ;;
        i) interval=$OPTARG ;;
        d) delay=$OPTARG ;;
        *) printUsage; exit 1 ;;
    esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))

# $# should be at least 1 (the command to execute), however it may be strictly
# greater than 1 if the command itself has options.
if (($# == 0 || interval <= 0)); then
    printUsage
    exit 1
fi

# kill -0 pid   Exit code indicates if a signal may be sent to $pid process.
(
    ((t = timeout))

    while ((t > 0)); do
        sleep $interval
        kill -0 $$ || exit 0
        ((t -= interval))
    done

    # Be nice, post SIGTERM first.
    # The 'exit 0' below will be executed if any preceeding command fails.
    kill -s SIGTERM $$ && kill -0 $$ || exit 0
    sleep $delay
    kill -s SIGKILL $$
) 2> /dev/null &

exec "$@"

该解决方案不考虑bash监控模式。您可以使用适当的信号来终止your_command

#!/bin/sh
( your_command ) & pid=$!
( sleep $TIMEOUT && kill -HUP $pid ) 2>/dev/null & watcher=$!
wait $pid 2>/dev/null && pkill -HUP -P $watcher

监控器在给定超时后终止your_command;脚本等待慢速任务并终止监视程序。注意，wait对不同shell的子进程不起作用。

例子:

Your_command运行超过2秒并被终止

your_command打断

( sleep 20 ) & pid=$!
( sleep 2 && kill -HUP $pid ) 2>/dev/null & watcher=$!
if wait $pid 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "your_command finished"
    pkill -HUP -P $watcher
    wait $watcher
else
    echo "your_command interrupted"
fi

Your_command在超时前完成(20秒)

your_command完成

( sleep 2 ) & pid=$!
( sleep 20 && kill -HUP $pid ) 2>/dev/null & watcher=$!
if wait $pid 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "your_command finished"
    pkill -HUP -P $watcher
    wait $watcher
else
    echo "your_command interrupted"
fi

我提出了一个问题，以保留shell上下文和允许超时，唯一的问题是它将停止脚本执行超时-但这是我提出的需求很好:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

safe_kill()
{
  ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $1 >/dev/null && kill ${2:-} $1
}

my_timeout()
{
  typeset _my_timeout _waiter_pid _return
  _my_timeout=$1
  echo "Timeout($_my_timeout) running: $*"
  shift
  (
    trap "return 0" USR1
    sleep $_my_timeout
    echo "Timeout($_my_timeout) reached for: $*"
    safe_kill $$
  ) &
  _waiter_pid=$!
  "$@" || _return=$?
  safe_kill $_waiter_pid -USR1
  echo "Timeout($_my_timeout) ran: $*"
  return ${_return:-0}
}

my_timeout 3 cd scripts
my_timeout 3 pwd
my_timeout 3 true  && echo true || echo false
my_timeout 3 false && echo true || echo false
my_timeout 3 sleep 10
my_timeout 3 pwd

输出:

Timeout(3) running: 3 cd scripts
Timeout(3) ran: cd scripts
Timeout(3) running: 3 pwd
/home/mpapis/projects/rvm/rvm/scripts
Timeout(3) ran: pwd
Timeout(3) running: 3 true
Timeout(3) ran: true
true
Timeout(3) running: 3 false
Timeout(3) ran: false
false
Timeout(3) running: 3 sleep 10
Timeout(3) reached for: sleep 10
Terminated

当然，我认为有一个目录叫做脚本

一个非常简单的方法:

# command & sleep 5; pkill -9 -x -f "command"

使用pkill(选项-f)，您可以使用参数终止特定的命令，或指定-n以避免终止旧进程。

就是这样:

timeout --signal=SIGINT 10 /path/to/slow command with options

你可以根据自己的意愿改变SIGINT和10;)