JS中只有函数作用域。不阻止范围！你也可以看到什么在提升。

var global_variable = "global_variable";
var hoisting_variable = "global_hoist";

// Global variables printed
console.log("global_scope: - global_variable: " + global_variable);
console.log("global_scope: - hoisting_variable: " + hoisting_variable);

if (true) {
    // The variable block will be global, on true condition.
    var block = "block";
}
console.log("global_scope: - block: " + block);

function local_function() {
    var local_variable = "local_variable";
    console.log("local_scope: - local_variable: " + local_variable);
    console.log("local_scope: - global_variable: " + global_variable);
    console.log("local_scope: - block: " + block);
    // The hoisting_variable is undefined at the moment.
    console.log("local_scope: - hoisting_variable: " + hoisting_variable);

    var hoisting_variable = "local_hoist";
    // The hoisting_variable is now set as a local one.
    console.log("local_scope: - hoisting_variable: " + hoisting_variable);
}

local_function();

// No variable in a separate function is visible into the global scope.
console.log("global_scope: - local_variable: " + local_variable);

据我理解，关键是Javascript具有函数级作用域，而不是更常见的C块作用域。

这是一篇关于这个主题的好文章。

JS中只有函数作用域。不阻止范围！你也可以看到什么在提升。

var global_variable = "global_variable";
var hoisting_variable = "global_hoist";

// Global variables printed
console.log("global_scope: - global_variable: " + global_variable);
console.log("global_scope: - hoisting_variable: " + hoisting_variable);

if (true) {
    // The variable block will be global, on true condition.
    var block = "block";
}
console.log("global_scope: - block: " + block);

function local_function() {
    var local_variable = "local_variable";
    console.log("local_scope: - local_variable: " + local_variable);
    console.log("local_scope: - global_variable: " + global_variable);
    console.log("local_scope: - block: " + block);
    // The hoisting_variable is undefined at the moment.
    console.log("local_scope: - hoisting_variable: " + hoisting_variable);

    var hoisting_variable = "local_hoist";
    // The hoisting_variable is now set as a local one.
    console.log("local_scope: - hoisting_variable: " + hoisting_variable);
}

local_function();

// No variable in a separate function is visible into the global scope.
console.log("global_scope: - local_variable: " + local_variable);

我发现许多新接触JavaScript的人很难理解继承在默认情况下在语言中是可用的，而函数作用域是迄今为止唯一的作用域。我为去年年底我写的一个名为JSprety的美化者提供了一个扩展。功能为代码中的函数范围着色，并始终将颜色与该范围中声明的所有变量相关联。当在不同的范围中使用来自一个范围的颜色的变量时，可以直观地演示闭包。

尝试以下功能：

http://prettydiff.com/jspretty.xhtml?c=white&jsscope

观看演示：

http://prettydiff.com/jspretty.xhtml?c=white&jsscope&s=http://prettydiff.com/lib/markup_beauty.js

在以下位置查看代码：

http://prettydiff.com/lib/jspretty.jshttps://github.com/austincheney/Pretty-Diff/blob/master/lib/jspretty.js

目前，该功能支持深度为16个嵌套函数，但目前不为全局变量着色。

在“Javascript 1.7”（Mozilla对Javascript的扩展）中，还可以使用let语句声明块范围变量：

 var a = 4;
 let (a = 3) {
   alert(a); // 3
 }
 alert(a);   // 4

在EcmaScript5中，主要有两个作用域，局部作用域和全局作用域，但在EcmaScript6中，我们主要有三个作用域：局部作用域、全局作用域和一个称为块作用域的新作用域。

块范围示例如下：-

for ( let i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
 statement1...
statement2...// inside this scope we can access the value of i, if we want to access the value of i outside for loop it will give undefined.
}