结合以下两个答案

Flo, rptwsthi和roetzi，

记住要改变你的layout_width=0dp/px，否则layout_weight行为将会相反，最大的数字占据最小的空间，最小的数字占据最大的空间。

此外，一些权重组合会导致一些布局无法显示(因为它过度占用空间)。

当心这一点。

对我来说最好的解释之一是这个(来自Android教程，请参阅第7步):

layout_weight is used in LinearLayouts to assign "importance" to Views within the layout. All Views have a default layout_weight of zero, meaning they take up only as much room on the screen as they need to be displayed. Assigning a value higher than zero will split up the rest of the available space in the parent View, according to the value of each View's layout_weight and its ratio to the overall layout_weight specified in the current layout for this and other View elements. To give an example: let's say we have a text label and two text edit elements in a horizontal row. The label has no layout_weight specified, so it takes up the minimum space required to render. If the layout_weight of each of the two text edit elements is set to 1, the remaining width in the parent layout will be split equally between them (because we claim they are equally important). If the first one has a layout_weight of 1 and the second has a layout_weight of 2, then one third of the remaining space will be given to the first, and two thirds to the second (because we claim the second one is more important).

使用layout_weight，你可以指定多个视图之间的大小比例。例如，你有一个MapView和一个表，它应该显示一些额外的信息到地图。地图应该使用屏幕的3/4，表格应该使用屏幕的1/4。然后将映射的layout_weight设置为3，将表的layout_weight设置为1。

为了让它工作，你还必须设置高度或宽度(取决于你的方向)为0px。

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/layout-objects.html#linearlayout

Layout_weight定义了控件相对于其他控件必须获得的空间大小。

请查看LinearLayout的weightSum和每个视图的layout_weight。android:weightSum="4" android:layout_weight="2" android:layout_weight="2"他们的layout_height都是0px，但我不确定这是相关的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:weightSum="4">

<fragment android:name="com.example.SettingFragment"
    android:id="@+id/settingFragment"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0px"
    android:layout_weight="2"
    />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/dummy_button"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0px"
    android:layout_weight="2"
    android:text="DUMMY"
    />
</LinearLayout>

顾名思义，布局权重指定了特定字段或小部件应该占据屏幕空间的数量或百分比。 如果我们在水平方向上指定权重，那么我们必须指定layout_width = 0px。 类似地，如果我们在垂直方向上指定权重，那么我们必须指定layout_height = 0px。