如果修改或添加环境变量,则必须重新启动命令提示符。是否有一个命令,我可以执行,将这样做而不重新启动CMD?


当前回答

谢谢你提出这个非常有趣的问题,即使在2019年(事实上,更新shell cmd并不容易,因为如上所述,它是一个单一的实例),因为在windows中更新环境变量允许完成许多自动化任务,而无需手动重新启动命令行。

例如,我们使用它来允许在我们定期重新安装的大量机器上部署和配置软件。我必须承认,在软件部署期间重新启动命令行是非常不切实际的,而且需要我们找到不一定令人愉快的变通办法。 让我们来解决问题。 我们按以下步骤进行。

1 -我们有一个批处理脚本,它依次调用powershell脚本

(文件:task.cmd)。

cmd > powershell.exe -executionpolicy unlimited -File C:\path_here\refresh.ps1 .exe

2 -在此之后,刷新。ps1脚本使用注册表键(GetValueNames()等)更新环境变量。 然后,在同一个powershell脚本中,我们只需要调用新的环境变量即可。 例如,在一个典型的情况下,如果我们之前刚刚用静默命令用cmd安装了nodeJS,在函数被调用后,我们可以直接调用npm来安装,在同一个会话中,如下所示的特定包。

(文件:refresh.ps1)

function Update-Environment {
    $locations = 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session  Manager\Environment',
                 'HKCU:\Environment'
    $locations | ForEach-Object {
        $k = Get-Item $_
        $k.GetValueNames() | ForEach-Object {
            $name  = $_
            $value = $k.GetValue($_)

            if ($userLocation -and $name -ieq 'PATH') {
                $env:Path += ";$value"
            } else {

                Set-Item -Path Env:\$name -Value $value
            }
        }
        $userLocation = $true
    }
}
Update-Environment
#Here we can use newly added environment variables like for example npm install.. 
npm install -g create-react-app serve

powershell脚本结束后,cmd脚本继续执行其他任务。 现在,要记住的一件事是,在任务完成后,cmd仍然不能访问新的环境变量,即使powershell脚本在它自己的会话中更新了这些变量。这就是为什么我们在powershell脚本中完成所有需要的任务,它当然可以调用与cmd相同的命令。

其他回答

更有可能的是,您希望已打开和/或正在运行的应用程序可以访问更新的环境变量。因此,最好和最简单的操作方法是关闭/重新打开应用程序,以便它接收更新后的环境变量。

幕后的细节是非常微妙的,但是上面的内容应该适用于大多数用例。

我在批处理脚本中使用以下代码:

if not defined MY_ENV_VAR (
    setx MY_ENV_VAR "VALUE" > nul
    set MY_ENV_VAR=VALUE
)
echo %MY_ENV_VAR%

通过在SETX之后使用SET,可以直接使用“本地”变量,而无需重新启动命令窗口。在下次运行时,将使用环境变量。

这适用于windows 7: SET PATH=%PATH%

通过输入echo %PATH%测试,它工作正常。也设置如果你打开一个新的cmd,不需要那些讨厌的重新启动:)

调用这个函数对我来说很有用:

VOID Win32ForceSettingsChange()
{
    DWORD dwReturnValue;
    ::SendMessageTimeout(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_SETTINGCHANGE, 0, (LPARAM) "Environment", SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG, 5000, &dwReturnValue);
}

我使用这个Powershell脚本添加到PATH变量中。 只要稍加调整,我相信它也适用于你的情况。

#REQUIRES -Version 3.0

if (-not ("win32.nativemethods" -as [type])) {
    # import sendmessagetimeout from win32
    add-type -Namespace Win32 -Name NativeMethods -MemberDefinition @"
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr SendMessageTimeout(
   IntPtr hWnd, uint Msg, UIntPtr wParam, string lParam,
   uint fuFlags, uint uTimeout, out UIntPtr lpdwResult);
"@
}

$HWND_BROADCAST = [intptr]0xffff;
$WM_SETTINGCHANGE = 0x1a;
$result = [uintptr]::zero

function global:ADD-PATH
{
    [Cmdletbinding()]
    param ( 
        [parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, Position=0)] 
        [string] $Folder
    )

    # See if a folder variable has been supplied.
    if (!$Folder -or $Folder -eq "" -or $Folder -eq $null) { 
        throw 'No Folder Supplied. $ENV:PATH Unchanged'
    }

    # Get the current search path from the environment keys in the registry.
    $oldPath=$(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH).Path

    # See if the new Folder is already in the path.
    if ($oldPath | Select-String -SimpleMatch $Folder){ 
        return 'Folder already within $ENV:PATH' 
    }

    # Set the New Path and add the ; in front
    $newPath=$oldPath+';'+$Folder
    Set-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH -Value $newPath -ErrorAction Stop

    # Show our results back to the world
    return 'This is the new PATH content: '+$newPath

    # notify all windows of environment block change
    [win32.nativemethods]::SendMessageTimeout($HWND_BROADCAST, $WM_SETTINGCHANGE, [uintptr]::Zero, "Environment", 2, 5000, [ref]$result)
}

function global:REMOVE-PATH {
    [Cmdletbinding()]
    param ( 
        [parameter(Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, Position=0)]
        [String] $Folder
    )

    # See if a folder variable has been supplied.
    if (!$Folder -or $Folder -eq "" -or $Folder -eq $NULL) { 
        throw 'No Folder Supplied. $ENV:PATH Unchanged'
    }

    # add a leading ";" if missing
    if ($Folder[0] -ne ";") {
        $Folder = ";" + $Folder;
    }

    # Get the Current Search Path from the environment keys in the registry
    $newPath=$(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH).Path

    # Find the value to remove, replace it with $NULL. If it's not found, nothing will change and you get a message.
    if ($newPath -match [regex]::Escape($Folder)) { 
        $newPath=$newPath -replace [regex]::Escape($Folder),$NULL 
    } else { 
        return "The folder you mentioned does not exist in the PATH environment" 
    }

    # Update the Environment Path
    Set-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH -Value $newPath -ErrorAction Stop

    # Show what we just did
    return 'This is the new PATH content: '+$newPath

    # notify all windows of environment block change
    [win32.nativemethods]::SendMessageTimeout($HWND_BROADCAST, $WM_SETTINGCHANGE, [uintptr]::Zero, "Environment", 2, 5000, [ref]$result)
}


# Use ADD-PATH or REMOVE-PATH accordingly.

#Anything to Add?

#Anything to Remove?

REMOVE-PATH "%_installpath_bin%"