您只需添加一个新的子模块，并使用标准命令删除旧的子模块。(应该防止.git内部的任何意外错误)

示例设置:

mkdir foo; cd foo; git init; 
echo "readme" > README.md; git add README.md; git commit -m "First"
## add submodule
git submodule add git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git
git commit -m "Added jquery"
## </setup example>

移动jquery到vendor/jquery/jquery的例子:

oldPath="jquery"
newPath="vendor/jquery/jquery"
orginUrl=`git config --local --get submodule.${oldPath}.url`

## add new submodule
mkdir -p `dirname "${newPath}"`
git submodule add -- "${orginUrl}" "${newPath}"

## remove old submodule
git config -f .git/config --remove-section "submodule.${oldPath}"
git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section "submodule.${oldPath}"
git rm --cached "${oldPath}"
rm -rf "${oldPath}"              ## remove old src
rm -rf ".git/modules/${oldPath}" ## cleanup gitdir (housekeeping)

## commit
git add .gitmodules
git commit -m "Renamed ${oldPath} to ${newPath}"

大子模块的奖励方法:

如果子模块很大，并且您不想等待克隆，那么可以使用旧的子模块作为源来创建新的子模块，然后切换源。

示例(使用相同的示例设置)

oldPath="jquery"
newPath="vendor/jquery/jquery"
baseDir=`pwd`
orginUrl=`git config --local --get submodule.${oldPath}.url`

# add new submodule using old submodule as origin
mkdir -p `dirname "${newPath}"`
git submodule add -- "file://${baseDir}/${oldPath}" "${newPath}"

## change origin back to original
git config -f .gitmodules submodule."${newPath}".url "${orginUrl}"
git submodule sync -- "${newPath}"

## remove old submodule
...

更新版本的git

Git现在支持移动子模块:

从git 1.8.5开始，git mv old/submod new/submod就像预期的那样工作，并为你做了所有的管道工作。您可能希望使用git 1.9.3或更新版本，因为它包含了针对子模块移动的修复。

git的旧版本

正如评论中提到的，这个答案指的是旧版本git所需的步骤。

这个过程类似于如何删除子模块(参见如何删除子模块?):

Edit .gitmodules and change the path of the submodule appropriately, and put it in the index with git add .gitmodules. If needed, create the parent directory of the new location of the submodule (mkdir -p new/parent). Move all content from the old to the new directory (mv -vi old/parent/submodule new/parent/submodule). Make sure Git tracks this directory (git add new/parent). Remove the old directory with git rm --cached old/parent/submodule. Move the directory .git/modules/old/parent/submodule with all its content to .git/modules/new/parent/submodule. Edit the .git/modules/new/parent/config file, make sure that worktree item points to the new locations, so in this example it should be worktree = ../../../../../new/parent/module. Typically there should be two more .. than directories in the direct path in that place. Edit the file new/parent/module/.git, make sure that the path in it points to the correct new location inside the main project .git folder, so in this example gitdir: ../../../.git/modules/new/parent/submodule. git status output looks like this for me afterwards: # On branch master # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # modified: .gitmodules # renamed: old/parent/submodule -> new/parent/submodule # Finally, commit the changes.

在我的例子中，我想将一个子模块从一个目录移动到另一个子目录，例如:"AFNetworking" -> "ext/AFNetworking"以下是我遵循的步骤:

Edit .gitmodules changing submodule name and path to be "ext/AFNetworking" Move submodule's git directory from ".git/modules/AFNetworking" to ".git/modules/ext/AFNetworking" Move library from "AFNetworking" to "ext/AFNetworking" Edit ".git/modules/ext/AFNetworking/config" and fix the [core] worktree line. Mine changed from ../../../AFNetworking to ../../../../ext/AFNetworking Edit "ext/AFNetworking/.git" and fix gitdir. Mine changed from ../.git/modules/AFNetworking to ../../git/modules/ext/AFNetworking git add .gitmodules git rm --cached AFNetworking git submodule add -f <url> ext/AFNetworking

最后，我在git状态中看到:

matt$ git status
# On branch ios-master
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#   modified:   .gitmodules
#   renamed:    AFNetworking -> ext/AFNetworking

瞧。上面的例子没有改变目录深度，这对任务的复杂性有很大影响，也没有改变子模块的名称(这可能真的没有必要，但我这样做是为了与在该路径添加新模块时发生的情况保持一致)。

[更新:2014-11-26]正如Yar在下面总结的那样，在你做任何事情之前，确保你知道子模块的URL。如果未知，打开.git/。<name>.url。

对我有用的是使用git子模块deinit <submodule>和git rm <submodule-folder>删除旧的子模块。然后用新的文件夹名再次添加子模块并提交。在提交前检查git状态会显示旧子模块重命名为新名称，.gitmodule被修改。

$ git submodule deinit foo
$ git rm foo
$ git submodule add https://bar.com/foo.git new-foo
$ git status
renamed:    foo -> new-foo
modified:   .gitmodules
$ git commit -am "rename foo submodule to new-foo"

诀窍似乎是理解子模块的.git目录现在保存在主存储库中，在.git/modules下，每个子模块都有一个指向它的.git文件。这是你现在需要的程序:

Move the submodule to its new home. Edit the .git file in the submodule's working directory, and modify the path it contains so that it points to the right directory in the master repository's .git/modules directory. Enter the master repository's .git/modules directory, and find the directory corresponding to your submodule. Edit the config file, updating the worktree path so that it points to the new location of the submodule's working directory. Edit the .gitmodules file in the root of the master repository, updating the path to the working directory of the submodule. git add -u git add <parent-of-new-submodule-directory> (It's important that you add the parent, and not the submodule directory itself.)

注意事项:

.gitmodules和.git/config中的[submodule "submodule-name"]行必须相互匹配，但不对应任何其他内容。 子模块的工作目录和.git目录必须正确指向对方。 .gitmodules和.git/config文件应该同步。

最现代的答案来自Valloric的评论:

升级到Git 1.9.3(如果子模块包含嵌套子模块，则升级到2.18) Git mv old/submod new/submod 之后.gitmodules和子模块目录已经被提交(你可以用git status来验证这一点)。 使用git Commit提交更改-你就可以开始了!

完成了!