实际上，遵循@Nick T的答案对我不起作用，我尝试apt-get install python-mysqldb对我有效

root@2fb0da64a933:/home/test_scrapy# apt-get install python-mysqldb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libmariadbclient18 mysql-common
Suggested packages:
  default-mysql-server | virtual-mysql-server python-egenix-mxdatetime python-mysqldb-dbg
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libmariadbclient18 mysql-common python-mysqldb
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
Need to get 843 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4611 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.8+1.0.2 [5608 B]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 libmariadbclient18 amd64 10.1.38-0+deb9u1 [785 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 python-mysqldb amd64 1.3.7-1.1 [52.1 kB]                    
Fetched 843 kB in 23s (35.8 kB/s)                                                                                 
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 13223 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.8+1.0.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.8+1.0.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmariadbclient18:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libmariadbclient18_10.1.38-0+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmariadbclient18:amd64 (10.1.38-0+deb9u1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-mysqldb.
Preparing to unpack .../python-mysqldb_1.3.7-1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python-mysqldb (1.3.7-1.1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.8+1.0.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Setting up libmariadbclient18:amd64 (10.1.38-0+deb9u1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u3) ...
Setting up python-mysqldb (1.3.7-1.1) ...
root@2fb0da64a933:/home/test_scrapy# python 
Python 2.7.13 (default, Nov 24 2017, 17:33:09) 
[GCC 6.3.0 20170516] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> 

如果你使用的是树莓派(Raspberry Pi)

首先需要安装pip命令

apt-get install python-pip

这就是按顺序安装

apt-get install python-dev libmysqlclient-dev

apt-get install python-pip

pip install MySQL-python

如果你无法安装mysqlclient，你也可以安装pymysql:

安装pymysql

这与MySqldb的工作原理相同。之后使用pymysql代替MySQLdb

对于Python3，我需要这样做:

python3 -m pip install MySQL

这里给出的很多答案都很让人困惑，所以我会尽量简单地说。它帮我安装了这个

pip install pymysql

然后在python文件中使用以下命令

import pymysql as MySQLdb

这样你就可以毫无问题地使用MySQLdb了。

我也有同样的问题。如果您使用的是Windows，请遵循这些步骤。 至: 1.我的电脑 2.系统属性 3.系统高级设置 4. 在“高级”选项卡下单击“环境变量”按钮 5. 然后在“系统变量”下，您必须添加/更改以下变量:PYTHONPATH和Path。下面是我的变量的粘贴: python路径:

C:\Python27;C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages;C:\Python27\Lib;C:\Python27\DLLs;C:\Python27\Lib\lib-tk;C:\Python27\Scripts

路径:

C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Utilities 1.3.5\;C:\Python27;C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages;C:\Python27\Lib;C:\Python27\DLLs;C:\Python27\Lib\lib-tk;C:\Python27\Scripts

参考这个链接