TextView有一个android:drawablePadding属性，这应该做的伎俩:

android:drawablePadding The padding between the drawables and the text. Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "14.5sp". Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size), in (inches), mm (millimeters). This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form "@[package:]type:name") or theme attribute (in the form "?[package:][type:]name") containing a value of this type. This corresponds to the global attribute resource symbol drawablePadding.

你应该考虑使用图层列表

创建一个这样的可绘制文件，将其命名为ic_calendar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item>
    <shape android:shape="rectangle">
        <solid android:color="@android:color/transparent"/>
    </shape>
</item>
<item android:right="10dp">
    <bitmap android:gravity="center_vertical|left"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_calendar_16dp"
        android:tint="@color/red"
        />
</item>
</layer-list>

在布局文件下，

<TextView
         android:id="@+id/tvDate"
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ic_calendar"
         android:textColor="@color/colorGrey"
         android:textSize="14sp" 
    />

我也会把我的答案扔到擂台上。如果您希望以编程方式完成此操作，可以执行以下操作。

final Drawable drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(getContext(), R.drawable.somedrawable);
final boolean isLTR = ViewCompat.LAYOUT_DIRECTION_LTR == ViewCompat.getLayoutDirection(this);
final int iconInsetPadding = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.icon_padding);

final Drawable insetDrawable = new InsetDrawable(drawable, isLTR ? 0 : iconInsetPadding, 0, isLTR ? iconInsetPadding : 0, 0);

这将添加填充到可绘制的结束，结束将意味着左/右取决于电话是在LTR或RTL。

尝试使用负填充

如:

android:paddingLeft="-8dp"

创建可绘制的resources.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_checked="true">
        <inset android:drawable="@drawable/small_m" android:insetLeft="10dp" android:insetTop="10dp" />
    </item>
    <item>
        <inset android:drawable="@drawable/small_p" android:insetLeft="10dp" android:insetTop="10dp" />
    </item>
</selector>

@Bhargav Thanki表示:

android:drawablePadding是最简单的填充方法 可绘制图标，但你不能给特定的一侧填充像 可绘制图标的右或左填充。为了实现这个目标 必须深入调查。如果你应用左填充或右填充 到EditText，然后它将放置填充到整个EditText 与可绘制的图标。

例子:

    <TextView 
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:id="@+id/date"
        android:gravity="center|start"
        android:drawableEnd="@drawable/ic_calendar"
        android:background="@drawable/edit_background"
        android:hint="Not Selected"
        android:drawablePadding="10dp"
        android:paddingStart="10dp"
        android:paddingEnd="10dp"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>