\d table_name显示了来自psql的这些信息，但是如果你想使用SQL从数据库中获取这些信息，那么可以看看从PostgreSQL中提取META信息。

我在我的实用程序中使用这些信息来报告来自db schema的一些信息，以比较测试和生产环境中的PostgreSQL数据库。

select t.relname as table_name, 
       i.relname as index_name, 
       array_position(ix.indkey,a.attnum) pos, 
       a.attname as column_name
from pg_class t
join pg_index ix on t.oid = ix.indrelid
join pg_class i on i.oid = ix.indexrelid
join pg_attribute a on a.attrelid = t.oid and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
where t.relkind = 'r'
and t.relname like 'orders'
order by t.relname, i.relname, array_position(ix.indkey,a.attnum)

\d tablename显示了8.3.8版本中的列名。

 "username_idx" UNIQUE, btree (username), tablespace "alldata1"

@cope360接受的答案很好，但我想要一些更像Oracle的DBA_IND_COLUMNS, ALL_IND_COLUMNS和USER_IND_COLUMNS(例如，报告表/索引模式和索引在多列索引中的位置)，所以我把接受的答案改编成这样:

with
 ind_cols as (
select
    n.nspname as schema_name,
    t.relname as table_name,
    i.relname as index_name,
    a.attname as column_name,
    1 + array_position(ix.indkey, a.attnum) as column_position
from
     pg_catalog.pg_class t
join pg_catalog.pg_attribute a on t.oid    =      a.attrelid 
join pg_catalog.pg_index ix    on t.oid    =     ix.indrelid
join pg_catalog.pg_class i     on a.attnum = any(ix.indkey)
                              and i.oid    =     ix.indexrelid
join pg_catalog.pg_namespace n on n.oid    =      t.relnamespace
where t.relkind = 'r'
order by
    t.relname,
    i.relname,
    array_position(ix.indkey, a.attnum)
)
select * 
from ind_cols
where schema_name = 'test'
  and table_name  = 'indextest'
order by schema_name, table_name
;

这将给出如下输出:

 schema_name | table_name | index_name | column_name | column_position 
-------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------
 test        | indextest  | testind1   | singleindex |               1
 test        | indextest  | testind2   | firstoftwo  |               1
 test        | indextest  | testind2   | secondoftwo |               2
(3 rows)

只需要执行:\d table_name

但是我不确定你说没有列的信息是什么意思。

例如:

# \d pg_class
       Table "pg_catalog.pg_class"
     Column      |   Type    | Modifiers
-----------------+-----------+-----------
 relname         | name      | not null
 relnamespace    | oid       | not null
 reltype         | oid       | not null
 reloftype       | oid       | not null
 relowner        | oid       | not null
 relam           | oid       | not null
 relfilenode     | oid       | not null
 reltablespace   | oid       | not null
 relpages        | integer   | not null
 reltuples       | real      | not null
 reltoastrelid   | oid       | not null
 reltoastidxid   | oid       | not null
 relhasindex     | boolean   | not null
 relisshared     | boolean   | not null
 relistemp       | boolean   | not null
 relkind         | "char"    | not null
 relnatts        | smallint  | not null
 relchecks       | smallint  | not null
 relhasoids      | boolean   | not null
 relhaspkey      | boolean   | not null
 relhasexclusion | boolean   | not null
 relhasrules     | boolean   | not null
 relhastriggers  | boolean   | not null
 relhassubclass  | boolean   | not null
 relfrozenxid    | xid       | not null
 relacl          | aclitem[] |
 reloptions      | text[]    |
Indexes:
    "pg_class_oid_index" UNIQUE, btree (oid)
    "pg_class_relname_nsp_index" UNIQUE, btree (relname, relnamespace)

它清楚地显示给定索引在该表上的列。

在处理索引时，索引中构造列的顺序与列本身同样重要。

下面的查询以排序的方式列出给定表的所有索引及其所有列。

SELECT
  table_name,
  index_name,
  string_agg(column_name, ',')
FROM (
       SELECT
         t.relname AS table_name,
         i.relname AS index_name,
         a.attname AS column_name,
         (SELECT i
          FROM (SELECT
                  *,
                  row_number()
                  OVER () i
                FROM unnest(indkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS a(v)) a
          WHERE v = attnum)
       FROM
         pg_class t,
         pg_class i,
         pg_index ix,
         pg_attribute a
       WHERE
         t.oid = ix.indrelid
         AND i.oid = ix.indexrelid
         AND a.attrelid = t.oid
         AND a.attnum = ANY (ix.indkey)
         AND t.relkind = 'r'
         AND t.relname LIKE 'tablename'
       ORDER BY table_name, index_name, i
     ) raw
GROUP BY table_name, index_name