如何将捕获的异常(其描述和堆栈跟踪)转换为外部使用的str ?
try:
method_that_can_raise_an_exception(params)
except Exception as e:
print(complete_exception_description(e))
如何将捕获的异常(其描述和堆栈跟踪)转换为外部使用的str ?
try:
method_that_can_raise_an_exception(params)
except Exception as e:
print(complete_exception_description(e))
当前回答
对于Python 3.5+ 使用回溯。TracebackException,它可以处理在任何地方捕获的异常。
def print_trace(ex: BaseException):
print(''.join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(ex).format()))
例子
import traceback
try:
1/0
except Exception as ex:
print(''.join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(ex).format()))
> >输出
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "your_file_name_here.py", line 29, in <module>
1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
它与from_exec()和format_exception()相同:
a = ''.join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(ex).format())
b = traceback.format_exc()
c = ''.join(traceback.format_exception(type(ex), ex, ex.__traceback__))
print(a == b == c) # This is True !!
其他回答
在Python 3中,以下代码将格式化Exception对象,与使用traceback.format_exc()获得的结果完全相同:
import traceback
try:
method_that_can_raise_an_exception(params)
except Exception as ex:
print(''.join(traceback.format_exception(etype=type(ex), value=ex, tb=ex.__traceback__)))
这样做的好处是只需要Exception对象(多亏了记录的__traceback__属性),因此可以更容易地将其作为参数传递给另一个函数进行进一步处理。
我的2美分。
import sys, traceback
try:
...
except Exception, e:
T, V, TB = sys.exc_info()
print ''.join(traceback.format_exception(T,V,TB))
您也可以考虑使用内置的Python模块cgitb,以获得一些非常好的、格式化良好的异常信息,包括局部变量值、源代码上下文、函数参数等。
例如这段代码…
import cgitb
cgitb.enable(format='text')
def func2(a, divisor):
return a / divisor
def func1(a, b):
c = b - 5
return func2(a, c)
func1(1, 5)
我们得到这个异常输出…
ZeroDivisionError
Python 3.4.2: C:\tools\python\python.exe
Tue Sep 22 15:29:33 2015
A problem occurred in a Python script. Here is the sequence of
function calls leading up to the error, in the order they occurred.
c:\TEMP\cgittest2.py in <module>()
7 def func1(a, b):
8 c = b - 5
9 return func2(a, c)
10
11 func1(1, 5)
func1 = <function func1>
c:\TEMP\cgittest2.py in func1(a=1, b=5)
7 def func1(a, b):
8 c = b - 5
9 return func2(a, c)
10
11 func1(1, 5)
global func2 = <function func2>
a = 1
c = 0
c:\TEMP\cgittest2.py in func2(a=1, divisor=0)
3
4 def func2(a, divisor):
5 return a / divisor
6
7 def func1(a, b):
a = 1
divisor = 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
__cause__ = None
__class__ = <class 'ZeroDivisionError'>
__context__ = None
__delattr__ = <method-wrapper '__delattr__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__dict__ = {}
__dir__ = <built-in method __dir__ of ZeroDivisionError object>
__doc__ = 'Second argument to a division or modulo operation was zero.'
__eq__ = <method-wrapper '__eq__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__format__ = <built-in method __format__ of ZeroDivisionError object>
__ge__ = <method-wrapper '__ge__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__getattribute__ = <method-wrapper '__getattribute__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__gt__ = <method-wrapper '__gt__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__hash__ = <method-wrapper '__hash__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__init__ = <method-wrapper '__init__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__le__ = <method-wrapper '__le__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__lt__ = <method-wrapper '__lt__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__ne__ = <method-wrapper '__ne__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
__reduce__ = <built-in method __reduce__ of ZeroDivisionError object>
__reduce_ex__ = <built-in method __reduce_ex__ of ZeroDivisionError object>
__repr__ = <method-wrapper '__repr__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__setattr__ = <method-wrapper '__setattr__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__setstate__ = <built-in method __setstate__ of ZeroDivisionError object>
__sizeof__ = <built-in method __sizeof__ of ZeroDivisionError object>
__str__ = <method-wrapper '__str__' of ZeroDivisionError object>
__subclasshook__ = <built-in method __subclasshook__ of type object>
__suppress_context__ = False
__traceback__ = <traceback object>
args = ('division by zero',)
with_traceback = <built-in method with_traceback of ZeroDivisionError object>
The above is a description of an error in a Python program. Here is
the original traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "cgittest2.py", line 11, in <module>
func1(1, 5)
File "cgittest2.py", line 9, in func1
return func2(a, c)
File "cgittest2.py", line 5, in func2
return a / divisor
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
对于Python 3.5+ 使用回溯。TracebackException,它可以处理在任何地方捕获的异常。
def print_trace(ex: BaseException):
print(''.join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(ex).format()))
例子
import traceback
try:
1/0
except Exception as ex:
print(''.join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(ex).format()))
> >输出
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "your_file_name_here.py", line 29, in <module>
1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
它与from_exec()和format_exception()相同:
a = ''.join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(ex).format())
b = traceback.format_exc()
c = ''.join(traceback.format_exception(type(ex), ex, ex.__traceback__))
print(a == b == c) # This is True !!
如果你的目标是让异常和stacktrace消息看起来与python抛出错误时完全一样,那么以下代码在python 2+3中都适用:
import sys, traceback
def format_stacktrace():
parts = ["Traceback (most recent call last):\n"]
parts.extend(traceback.format_stack(limit=25)[:-2])
parts.extend(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())[1:])
return "".join(parts)
# EXAMPLE BELOW...
def a():
b()
def b():
c()
def c():
d()
def d():
assert False, "Noooh don't do it."
print("THIS IS THE FORMATTED STRING")
print("============================\n")
try:
a()
except:
stacktrace = format_stacktrace()
print(stacktrace)
print("THIS IS HOW PYTHON DOES IT")
print("==========================\n")
a()
它的工作原理是从堆栈中删除最后一个format_stacktrace()调用,并加入其余的调用。当运行时,上面的示例给出以下输出:
THIS IS THE FORMATTED STRING
============================
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 31, in <module>
a()
File "test.py", line 12, in a
b()
File "test.py", line 16, in b
c()
File "test.py", line 20, in c
d()
File "test.py", line 24, in d
assert False, "Noooh don't do it."
AssertionError: Noooh don't do it.
THIS IS HOW PYTHON DOES IT
==========================
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 38, in <module>
a()
File "test.py", line 12, in a
b()
File "test.py", line 16, in b
c()
File "test.py", line 20, in c
d()
File "test.py", line 24, in d
assert False, "Noooh don't do it."
AssertionError: Noooh don't do it.