在没有一个框架来实现所有跨浏览器兼容性的情况下,最简单的做法就是在正文末尾调用代码。这比onload处理程序执行得更快,因为它只等待DOM就绪,而不是所有图像加载。而且,这在每个浏览器中都有效。
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
Your HTML here
<script>
// self executing function here
(function() {
// your page initialization code here
// the DOM will be available here
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
对于现代浏览器(IE9和更高版本以及Chrome、Firefox或Safari的任何版本),如果您希望能够实现类似于jQuery的$(document).ready()方法,您可以从任何地方调用该方法(而不必担心调用脚本的位置),您只需使用这样的方法:
function docReady(fn) {
// see if DOM is already available
if (document.readyState === "complete" || document.readyState === "interactive") {
// call on next available tick
setTimeout(fn, 1);
} else {
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", fn);
}
}
用法:
docReady(function() {
// DOM is loaded and ready for manipulation here
});
如果您需要完全的跨浏览器兼容性(包括旧版本的IE),并且不想等待window.onload,那么您可能应该看看jQuery这样的框架是如何实现其$(document).ready()方法的。这取决于浏览器的功能。
让您稍微了解一下jQuery的功能(无论放置脚本标记在哪里,它都能工作)。
如果支持,它将尝试以下标准:
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fn, false);
回退到:
window.addEventListener('load', fn, false )
或者对于旧版本的IE,它使用:
document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", fn);
回退到:
window.attachEvent("onload", fn);
而且,在IE代码路径中有一些我不太熟悉的变通方法,但它似乎与框架有关。
这里是用纯javascript编写的jQuery的.ready()的完整替代品:
(function(funcName, baseObj) {
// The public function name defaults to window.docReady
// but you can pass in your own object and own function name and those will be used
// if you want to put them in a different namespace
funcName = funcName || "docReady";
baseObj = baseObj || window;
var readyList = [];
var readyFired = false;
var readyEventHandlersInstalled = false;
// call this when the document is ready
// this function protects itself against being called more than once
function ready() {
if (!readyFired) {
// this must be set to true before we start calling callbacks
readyFired = true;
for (var i = 0; i < readyList.length; i++) {
// if a callback here happens to add new ready handlers,
// the docReady() function will see that it already fired
// and will schedule the callback to run right after
// this event loop finishes so all handlers will still execute
// in order and no new ones will be added to the readyList
// while we are processing the list
readyList[i].fn.call(window, readyList[i].ctx);
}
// allow any closures held by these functions to free
readyList = [];
}
}
function readyStateChange() {
if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
ready();
}
}
// This is the one public interface
// docReady(fn, context);
// the context argument is optional - if present, it will be passed
// as an argument to the callback
baseObj[funcName] = function(callback, context) {
if (typeof callback !== "function") {
throw new TypeError("callback for docReady(fn) must be a function");
}
// if ready has already fired, then just schedule the callback
// to fire asynchronously, but right away
if (readyFired) {
setTimeout(function() {callback(context);}, 1);
return;
} else {
// add the function and context to the list
readyList.push({fn: callback, ctx: context});
}
// if document already ready to go, schedule the ready function to run
if (document.readyState === "complete") {
setTimeout(ready, 1);
} else if (!readyEventHandlersInstalled) {
// otherwise if we don't have event handlers installed, install them
if (document.addEventListener) {
// first choice is DOMContentLoaded event
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", ready, false);
// backup is window load event
window.addEventListener("load", ready, false);
} else {
// must be IE
document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", readyStateChange);
window.attachEvent("onload", ready);
}
readyEventHandlersInstalled = true;
}
}
})("docReady", window);
最新版本的代码在GitHub上公开共享,网址为https://github.com/jfriend00/docReady
用法:
// pass a function reference
docReady(fn);
// use an anonymous function
docReady(function() {
// code here
});
// pass a function reference and a context
// the context will be passed to the function as the first argument
docReady(fn, context);
// use an anonymous function with a context
docReady(function(context) {
// code here that can use the context argument that was passed to docReady
}, ctx);
这已经在以下方面进行了测试:
IE6 and up
Firefox 3.6 and up
Chrome 14 and up
Safari 5.1 and up
Opera 11.6 and up
Multiple iOS devices
Multiple Android devices
工作实施和试验台:http://jsfiddle.net/jfriend00/YfD3C/
以下是它的工作原理总结:
创建一个IIFE(立即调用的函数表达式),这样我们就可以拥有非公共状态变量。声明公共函数docReady(fn,context)当调用docReady(fn,context)时,检查ready处理程序是否已启动。如果是这样,只需将新添加的回调安排为在这个JS线程完成setTimeout(fn,1)后立即启动。如果就绪处理程序尚未启动,则将此新回调添加到稍后要调用的回调列表中。检查文档是否已准备就绪。如果是,请执行所有就绪的处理程序。如果我们还没有安装事件侦听器以了解文档何时准备就绪,那么现在就安装它们。如果document.addEventListener存在,则对“DOMContentLoaded”和“load”事件使用.addEventLister()安装事件处理程序。“负载”是安全的备份事件,不应需要。如果document.addEventListener不存在,则使用.attachEvent()为“onreadystatechange”和“onload”事件安装事件处理程序。在onreadystatechange事件中,检查document.readyState==“complete”,如果是,则调用一个函数来激发所有就绪处理程序。在所有其他事件处理程序中,调用一个函数来激发所有就绪的处理程序。在调用所有就绪处理程序的函数中,检查状态变量以查看是否已启动。如果有,什么也不做。如果我们还没有被调用,那么在就绪函数数组中循环,并按添加顺序调用每个函数。设置一个标志以指示这些都已被调用,因此它们不会被执行多次。清除函数数组,以便释放它们可能使用的任何闭包。
使用docReady()注册的处理程序保证按其注册顺序被激发。
如果在文档准备就绪后调用docReady(fn),则将使用setTimeout(fn,1)在当前执行线程完成后立即执行回调。这允许调用代码始终假设它们是稍后调用的异步回调,即使稍后在JS的当前线程完成并保持调用顺序时也是如此。