您可以求助于工具的特殊功能。比如DBeaver自己的专有语法:

@set name = 'me'
SELECT :name;
SELECT ${name};

DELETE FROM book b
WHERE b.author_id IN (SELECT a.id FROM author AS a WHERE a.name = :name);

下面是一个使用PREPARE语句的例子。你仍然不能使用?，但你可以使用$n符号:

PREPARE foo(integer) AS
    SELECT  *
    FROM    somewhere
    WHERE   something = $1;
EXECUTE foo(5);
DEALLOCATE foo;

PostgreSQL中没有这样的特性。您只能在pl/PgSQL(或其他pl/*)中这样做，但不能在纯SQL中这样做。

一个例外是WITH()查询，它可以作为一个变量，甚至是变量的元组。它允许您返回临时值的表。

WITH master_user AS (
    SELECT
      login,
      registration_date
    FROM users
    WHERE ...
)

SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE master_login = (SELECT login
                      FROM master_user)
      AND (SELECT registration_date
           FROM master_user) > ...;

我想对@DarioBarrionuevo的回答提出一个改进，使其更简单地利用临时表。

DO $$
    DECLARE myvar integer = 5;
BEGIN
    CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp_table ON COMMIT DROP AS
        -- put here your query with variables:
        SELECT * 
        FROM yourtable
        WHERE id = myvar;
END $$;

SELECT * FROM tmp_table;

您可以求助于工具的特殊功能。比如DBeaver自己的专有语法:

@set name = 'me'
SELECT :name;
SELECT ${name};

DELETE FROM book b
WHERE b.author_id IN (SELECT a.id FROM author AS a WHERE a.name = :name);

我通过使用WITH子句实现了同样的目标，它远没有那么优雅，但可以做同样的事情。虽然对于这个例子来说，它真的是太夸张了。我也不特别推荐这个。

WITH myconstants (var1, var2) as (
   values (5, 'foo')
)
SELECT *
FROM somewhere, myconstants
WHERE something = var1
   OR something_else = var2;