Let's suppose you have a book, probably a novel, a thick one with lots of things to read, hence lots of words. Now, hypothetically, you brought two dictionaries, consisting of only words that are only used, at least one time in the novel. All words in that two dictionaries are stored in typical alphabetical order. In hypothetical dictionary A, words are printed only once while in hypothetical dictionary B words are printed as many numbers of times it is printed in the novel. Remember, words are sorted alphabetically in both the dictionaries. Now you got stuck at some point while reading a novel and need to find the meaning of that word from anyone of those hypothetical dictionaries. What you will do? Surely you will jump to that word in a few steps to find its meaning, rather look for the meaning of each of the words in the novel, from starting, until you reach that bugging word.

这就是SQL中索引的工作方式。假设字典A是PRIMARY INDEX，字典B是KEY/SECONDARY INDEX，并将获取单词含义的愿望作为QUERY/SELECT语句。 索引将有助于以非常快的速度获取数据。如果没有索引，您将不得不从头开始查找数据，这是一项不必要的耗时且昂贵的任务。

有关索引和类型的更多信息，请看这个。

在MySQL InnoDB中，有两种索引类型。

Primary key which is called clustered index. Index key words are stored with real record data in the B+Tree leaf node. Secondary key which is non clustered index. These index only store primary key's key words along with their own index key words in the B+Tree leaf node. So when searching from secondary index, it will first find its primary key index key words and scan the primary key B+Tree to find the real data records. This will make secondary index slower compared to primary index search. However, if the select columns are all in the secondary index, then no need to look up primary index B+Tree again. This is called covering index.

基本上，索引是所有按顺序排序的键的映射。有了一个按顺序排列的列表，它就不需要检查每个键，而是可以这样做:

1:去列表的中间-比我想要的高还是低?

2:如果高，就去中间和底部的中间点，如果低，就去中间和顶部的中间点

3:是高还是低?再次跳转到中间点，等等。

使用该逻辑，您可以在大约7步的时间内在排序列表中找到一个元素，而不是检查每一项。

显然，这里有很多复杂的东西，但这给了你基本的概念。

看这个视频了解更多关于索引的细节

简单的索引 您可以在表上创建唯一的索引。唯一索引意味着两行不能有相同的索引值。下面是在表上创建Index的语法

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...);

您可以使用一个或多个列来创建索引。例如，我们可以使用tutorial_author在tutorials_tbl上创建索引。

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX AUTHOR_INDEX
ON tutorials_tbl (tutorial_author)

您可以在表上创建一个简单的索引。只需从查询中省略UNIQUE关键字以创建简单的索引。简单索引允许表中有重复的值。

如果要按降序索引列中的值，可以在列名后添加保留字DESC。

mysql> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX AUTHOR_INDEX
ON tutorials_tbl (tutorial_author DESC)

Let's suppose you have a book, probably a novel, a thick one with lots of things to read, hence lots of words. Now, hypothetically, you brought two dictionaries, consisting of only words that are only used, at least one time in the novel. All words in that two dictionaries are stored in typical alphabetical order. In hypothetical dictionary A, words are printed only once while in hypothetical dictionary B words are printed as many numbers of times it is printed in the novel. Remember, words are sorted alphabetically in both the dictionaries. Now you got stuck at some point while reading a novel and need to find the meaning of that word from anyone of those hypothetical dictionaries. What you will do? Surely you will jump to that word in a few steps to find its meaning, rather look for the meaning of each of the words in the novel, from starting, until you reach that bugging word.

这就是SQL中索引的工作方式。假设字典A是PRIMARY INDEX，字典B是KEY/SECONDARY INDEX，并将获取单词含义的愿望作为QUERY/SELECT语句。 索引将有助于以非常快的速度获取数据。如果没有索引，您将不得不从头开始查找数据，这是一项不必要的耗时且昂贵的任务。

有关索引和类型的更多信息，请看这个。

基本上表上的索引就像书中的索引一样(这就是这个名字的由来):

Let's say you have a book about databases and you want to find some information about, say, storage. Without an index (assuming no other aid, such as a table of contents) you'd have to go through the pages one by one, until you found the topic (that's a full table scan). On the other hand, an index has a list of keywords, so you'd consult the index and see that storage is mentioned on pages 113-120,231 and 354. Then you could flip to those pages directly, without searching (that's a search with an index, somewhat faster).

当然，索引的有用程度取决于许多事情——举几个例子，使用上面的明喻:

if you had a book on databases and indexed the word "database", you'd see that it's mentioned on pages 1-59,61-290, and 292 to 400. In such case, the index is not much help and it might be faster to go through the pages one by one (in a database, this is "poor selectivity"). For a 10-page book, it makes no sense to make an index, as you may end up with a 10-page book prefixed by a 5-page index, which is just silly - just scan the 10 pages and be done with it. The index also needs to be useful - there's generally no point to index e.g. the frequency of the letter "L" per page.