使用现代ES:

const series = async (tasks) => {
  const results = [];

  for (const task of tasks) {
    const result = await task;

    results.push(result);
  }

  return results;
};

//...

const readFiles = await series(files.map(readFile));

我真的很喜欢@joelnet的回答，但对我来说，这种编码风格有点难以消化，所以我花了几天时间试图弄清楚如何以更可读的方式表达相同的解决方案，这就是我的想法，只是使用了不同的语法和一些注释。

// first take your work
const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3', '/url4']

// next convert each item to a function that returns a promise
const functions = urls.map((url) => {
  // For every url we return a new function
  return () => {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      // random wait in milliseconds
      const randomWait = parseInt((Math.random() * 1000),10)
      console.log('waiting to resolve in ms', randomWait)
      setTimeout(()=>resolve({randomWait, url}),randomWait)
    })
  }
})


const promiseReduce = (acc, next) => {
  // we wait for the accumulator to resolve it's promise
  return acc.then((accResult) => {
    // and then we return a new promise that will become
    // the new value for the accumulator
    return next().then((nextResult) => {
      // that eventually will resolve to a new array containing
      // the value of the two promises
      return accResult.concat(nextResult)
    })
  })
};
// the accumulator will always be a promise that resolves to an array
const accumulator = Promise.resolve([])

// we call reduce with the reduce function and the accumulator initial value
functions.reduce(promiseReduce, accumulator)
  .then((result) => {
    // let's display the final value here
    console.log('=== The final result ===')
    console.log(result)
  })

这个问题很老了，但我们生活在ES6和函数式JavaScript的世界里，所以让我们看看如何改进。

因为承诺会立即执行，所以我们不能只创建一个承诺数组，它们会同时发射。

相反，我们需要创建一个返回承诺的函数数组。然后依次执行每个函数，然后在其中启动promise。

我们可以用几种方法来解决这个问题，但我最喜欢的方法是reduce。

把“减少”和“承诺”结合起来使用有点棘手，所以我把这句话分成了几个易于理解的小部分。

这个函数的本质是使用以promise .resolve([])或包含空数组的promise开头的reduce。

然后，这个承诺将作为承诺传递给reduce方法。这是将每个承诺按顺序连接在一起的关键。要执行的下一个promise是func，当then触发时，结果被连接起来，然后返回该promise，使用下一个promise函数执行reduce循环。

一旦执行了所有的promise，返回的promise将包含每个promise的所有结果的数组。

ES6示例(一行)

/*
 * serial executes Promises sequentially.
 * @param {funcs} An array of funcs that return promises.
 * @example
 * const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3']
 * serial(urls.map(url => () => $.ajax(url)))
 *     .then(console.log.bind(console))
 */
const serial = funcs =>
    funcs.reduce((promise, func) =>
        promise.then(result => func().then(Array.prototype.concat.bind(result))), Promise.resolve([]))

ES6示例(分解)

// broken down to for easier understanding

const concat = list => Array.prototype.concat.bind(list)
const promiseConcat = f => x => f().then(concat(x))
const promiseReduce = (acc, x) => acc.then(promiseConcat(x))
/*
 * serial executes Promises sequentially.
 * @param {funcs} An array of funcs that return promises.
 * @example
 * const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3']
 * serial(urls.map(url => () => $.ajax(url)))
 *     .then(console.log.bind(console))
 */
const serial = funcs => funcs.reduce(promiseReduce, Promise.resolve([]))

用法:

// first take your work
const urls = ['/url1', '/url2', '/url3', '/url4']

// next convert each item to a function that returns a promise
const funcs = urls.map(url => () => $.ajax(url))

// execute them serially
serial(funcs)
    .then(console.log.bind(console))

另外的例子

const addTwo = async () => 2; const addThree = async (inValue) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve(inValue + 3), 2000)); const addFour = (inValue) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res(inValue + 4), 1000)); const addFive = async (inValue) => inValue + 5; // Function which handles promises from above async function sequenceAddition() { let sum = await [addTwo, addThree, addFour, addFive].reduce( (promise, currPromise) => promise.then((val) => currPromise(val)), Promise.resolve() ); console.log('sum:', sum); // 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 14 } // Run function. See console for result. sequenceAddition();

使用reduce()的通用语法

function sequence(tasks, fn) {
    return tasks.reduce((promise, task) => promise.then(() => fn(task)), Promise.resolve());
}

更新

items-promise是一个准备使用NPM包做同样的事情。

这是我在各种项目中使用的顺序实现:

const file = [file1, file2, file3];
const fileContents = sequentially(readFile, files);

// somewhere else in the code:

export const sequentially = async <T, P>(
  toPromise: (element: T) => Promise<P>,
  elements: T[]
): Promise<P[]> => {
  const results: P[] = [];
  await elements.reduce(async (sequence, element) => {
    await sequence;
    results.push(await toPromise(element));
  }, Promise.resolve());

  return results;
};

nodejs中有承诺序列。

const promiseSequence = require('promise-sequence');
return promiseSequence(arr.map(el => () => doPromise(el)));