我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
当前回答
最后,PHP 7.1+给出了一个不能被重写的常量。
/**
* An interface that groups HTTP Accept: header Media Types in one place.
*/
interface MediaTypes
{
/**
* Now, if you have to use these same constants with another class, you can
* without creating funky inheritance / is-a relationships.
* Also, this gets around the single inheritance limitation.
*/
public const HTML = 'text/html';
public const JSON = 'application/json';
public const XML = 'application/xml';
public const TEXT = 'text/plain';
}
/**
* An generic request class.
*/
abstract class Request
{
// Why not put the constants here?
// 1) The logical reuse issue.
// 2) Single Inheritance.
// 3) Overriding is possible.
// Why put class constants here?
// 1) The constant value will not be necessary in other class families.
}
/**
* An incoming / server-side HTTP request class.
*/
class HttpRequest extends Request implements MediaTypes
{
// This class can implement groups of constants as necessary.
}
如果您使用的是名称空间,那么代码补全应该可以工作。
但是,这样做将失去在类族(protected)或单独在类(private)中隐藏常量的能力。根据定义,接口中的所有内容都是公共的。
PHP手册:接口
更新:
PHP 8.1现在有了枚举。
其他回答
提出的解决方案效果很好。干净光滑。
然而,如果你想要强类型的枚举,你可以使用这个:
class TestEnum extends Enum
{
public static $TEST1;
public static $TEST2;
}
TestEnum::init(); // Automatically initializes enum values
枚举类如下所示:
class Enum
{
public static function parse($enum)
{
$class = get_called_class();
$vars = get_class_vars($class);
if (array_key_exists($enum, $vars)) {
return $vars[$enum];
}
return null;
}
public static function init()
{
$className = get_called_class();
$consts = get_class_vars($className);
foreach ($consts as $constant => $value) {
if (is_null($className::$$constant)) {
$constantValue = $constant;
$constantValueName = $className . '::' . $constant . '_VALUE';
if (defined($constantValueName)) {
$constantValue = constant($constantValueName);
}
$className::$$constant = new $className($constantValue);
}
}
}
public function __construct($value)
{
$this->value = $value;
}
}
这样,枚举值是强类型的和
$TEST1 == TEST1::parse('TEST1') // true语句
四年后,我又遇到了这个。我目前的方法是这样的,因为它允许在IDE中完成代码以及类型安全:
基类:
abstract class TypedEnum
{
private static $_instancedValues;
private $_value;
private $_name;
private function __construct($value, $name)
{
$this->_value = $value;
$this->_name = $name;
}
private static function _fromGetter($getter, $value)
{
$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass(get_called_class());
$methods = $reflectionClass->getMethods(ReflectionMethod::IS_STATIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC);
$className = get_called_class();
foreach($methods as $method)
{
if ($method->class === $className)
{
$enumItem = $method->invoke(null);
if ($enumItem instanceof $className && $enumItem->$getter() === $value)
{
return $enumItem;
}
}
}
throw new OutOfRangeException();
}
protected static function _create($value)
{
if (self::$_instancedValues === null)
{
self::$_instancedValues = array();
}
$className = get_called_class();
if (!isset(self::$_instancedValues[$className]))
{
self::$_instancedValues[$className] = array();
}
if (!isset(self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value]))
{
$debugTrace = debug_backtrace();
$lastCaller = array_shift($debugTrace);
while ($lastCaller['class'] !== $className && count($debugTrace) > 0)
{
$lastCaller = array_shift($debugTrace);
}
self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value] = new static($value, $lastCaller['function']);
}
return self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value];
}
public static function fromValue($value)
{
return self::_fromGetter('getValue', $value);
}
public static function fromName($value)
{
return self::_fromGetter('getName', $value);
}
public function getValue()
{
return $this->_value;
}
public function getName()
{
return $this->_name;
}
}
枚举例子:
final class DaysOfWeek extends TypedEnum
{
public static function Sunday() { return self::_create(0); }
public static function Monday() { return self::_create(1); }
public static function Tuesday() { return self::_create(2); }
public static function Wednesday() { return self::_create(3); }
public static function Thursday() { return self::_create(4); }
public static function Friday() { return self::_create(5); }
public static function Saturday() { return self::_create(6); }
}
使用示例:
function saveEvent(DaysOfWeek $weekDay, $comment)
{
// store week day numeric value and comment:
$myDatabase->save('myeventtable',
array('weekday_id' => $weekDay->getValue()),
array('comment' => $comment));
}
// call the function, note: DaysOfWeek::Monday() returns an object of type DaysOfWeek
saveEvent(DaysOfWeek::Monday(), 'some comment');
注意,同一个枚举条目的所有实例都是相同的:
$monday1 = DaysOfWeek::Monday();
$monday2 = DaysOfWeek::Monday();
$monday1 === $monday2; // true
你也可以在switch语句中使用它:
function getGermanWeekDayName(DaysOfWeek $weekDay)
{
switch ($weekDay)
{
case DaysOfWeek::Monday(): return 'Montag';
case DaysOfWeek::Tuesday(): return 'Dienstag';
// ...
}
你也可以通过名称或值创建枚举项:
$monday = DaysOfWeek::fromValue(2);
$tuesday = DaysOfWeek::fromName('Tuesday');
或者你可以从一个现有的枚举条目中获取名称(即函数名):
$wednesday = DaysOfWeek::Wednesday()
echo $wednesDay->getName(); // Wednesday
我试图用PHP创建一个枚举…这是非常有限的,因为它不支持对象作为枚举值,但仍然有点有用…
class ProtocolsEnum {
const HTTP = '1';
const HTTPS = '2';
const FTP = '3';
/**
* Retrieve an enum value
* @param string $name
* @return string
*/
public static function getValueByName($name) {
return constant('self::'. $name);
}
/**
* Retrieve an enum key name
* @param string $code
* @return string
*/
public static function getNameByValue($code) {
foreach(get_class_constants() as $key => $val) {
if($val == $code) {
return $key;
}
}
}
/**
* Retrieve associate array of all constants (used for creating droplist options)
* @return multitype:
*/
public static function toArray() {
return array_flip(self::get_class_constants());
}
private static function get_class_constants()
{
$reflect = new ReflectionClass(__CLASS__);
return $reflect->getConstants();
}
}
下面的Enum类定义是强类型的,使用和定义都很自然。
定义:
class Fruit extends Enum {
static public $APPLE = 1;
static public $ORANGE = 2;
}
Fruit::initialize(); //Can also be called in autoloader
切换Enum
$myFruit = Fruit::$APPLE;
switch ($myFruit) {
case Fruit::$APPLE : echo "I like apples\n"; break;
case Fruit::$ORANGE : echo "I hate oranges\n"; break;
}
>> I like apples
传递Enum作为参数(强类型)
/** Function only accepts Fruit enums as input**/
function echoFruit(Fruit $fruit) {
echo $fruit->getName().": ".$fruit->getValue()."\n";
}
/** Call function with each Enum value that Fruit has */
foreach (Fruit::getList() as $fruit) {
echoFruit($fruit);
}
//Call function with Apple enum
echoFruit(Fruit::$APPLE)
//Will produce an error. This solution is strongly typed
echoFruit(2);
>> APPLE: 1
>> ORANGE: 2
>> APPLE: 1
>> Argument 1 passed to echoFruit() must be an instance of Fruit, integer given
以字符串形式返回Enum
echo "I have an $myFruit\n";
>> I have an APPLE
通过整数获取Enum
$myFruit = Fruit::getByValue(2);
echo "Now I have an $myFruit\n";
>> Now I have an ORANGE
按名称获取Enum
$myFruit = Fruit::getByName("APPLE");
echo "But I definitely prefer an $myFruit\n\n";
>> But I definitely prefer an APPLE
枚举类:
/**
* @author Torge Kummerow
*/
class Enum {
/**
* Holds the values for each type of Enum
*/
static private $list = array();
/**
* Initializes the enum values by replacing the number with an instance of itself
* using reflection
*/
static public function initialize() {
$className = get_called_class();
$class = new ReflectionClass($className);
$staticProperties = $class->getStaticProperties();
self::$list[$className] = array();
foreach ($staticProperties as $propertyName => &$value) {
if ($propertyName == 'list')
continue;
$enum = new $className($propertyName, $value);
$class->setStaticPropertyValue($propertyName, $enum);
self::$list[$className][$propertyName] = $enum;
} unset($value);
}
/**
* Gets the enum for the given value
*
* @param integer $value
* @throws Exception
*
* @return Enum
*/
static public function getByValue($value) {
$className = get_called_class();
foreach (self::$list[$className] as $propertyName=>&$enum) {
/* @var $enum Enum */
if ($enum->value == $value)
return $enum;
} unset($enum);
throw new Exception("No such enum with value=$value of type ".get_called_class());
}
/**
* Gets the enum for the given name
*
* @param string $name
* @throws Exception
*
* @return Enum
*/
static public function getByName($name) {
$className = get_called_class();
if (array_key_exists($name, static::$list[$className]))
return self::$list[$className][$name];
throw new Exception("No such enum ".get_called_class()."::\$$name");
}
/**
* Returns the list of all enum variants
* @return Array of Enum
*/
static public function getList() {
$className = get_called_class();
return self::$list[$className];
}
private $name;
private $value;
public function __construct($name, $value) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->value = $value;
}
public function __toString() {
return $this->name;
}
public function getValue() {
return $this->value;
}
public function getName() {
return $this->name;
}
}
除了
当然,您也可以为ide添加注释
class Fruit extends Enum {
/**
* This comment is for autocomplete support in common IDEs
* @var Fruit A yummy apple
*/
static public $APPLE = 1;
/**
* This comment is for autocomplete support in common IDEs
* @var Fruit A sour orange
*/
static public $ORANGE = 2;
}
//This can also go to the autoloader if available.
Fruit::initialize();
公认的答案是要走的路,实际上这是我所做的简单。枚举提供了大多数优点(可读、快速等)。然而,这里缺少一个概念:类型安全。在大多数语言中,枚举也用于限制允许的值。下面是一个通过使用私有构造函数、静态实例化方法和类型检查来获得类型安全的例子:
class DaysOfWeek{
const Sunday = 0;
const Monday = 1;
// etc.
private $intVal;
private function __construct($intVal){
$this->intVal = $intVal;
}
//static instantiation methods
public static function MONDAY(){
return new self(self::Monday);
}
//etc.
}
//function using type checking
function printDayOfWeek(DaysOfWeek $d){ //compiler can now use type checking
// to something with $d...
}
//calling the function is safe!
printDayOfWeek(DaysOfWeek::MONDAY());
我们甚至可以更进一步:在DaysOfWeek类中使用常量可能会导致误用:例如,人们可能会这样错误地使用它:
printDayOfWeek(DaysOfWeek::Monday); //triggers a compiler error.
这是错误的(调用整数常量)。我们可以使用私有静态变量而不是常量来防止这种情况:
class DaysOfWeeks{
private static $monday = 1;
//etc.
private $intVal;
//private constructor
private function __construct($intVal){
$this->intVal = $intVal;
}
//public instantiation methods
public static function MONDAY(){
return new self(self::$monday);
}
//etc.
//convert an instance to its integer value
public function intVal(){
return $this->intVal;
}
}
当然,不可能访问整数常量(这实际上是目的)。intVal方法允许将DaysOfWeek对象转换为其整数表示形式。
请注意,我们甚至可以进一步在实例化方法中实现缓存机制,以在广泛使用枚举的情况下节省内存…
希望这能有所帮助