我有一个允许用户下载动态生成文件的页面。生成它需要很长时间,所以我想显示一个“等待”指示器。问题是,我不知道如何检测浏览器何时接收到文件,以便我可以隐藏指示器。

我请求一个隐藏的表单,它post到服务器,并以一个隐藏的iframe作为其结果的目标。这样我就不会用结果替换整个浏览器窗口。我监听iframe上的“load”事件,希望它在下载完成时触发。

我将文件返回一个“Content-Disposition: attachment”头,这将导致浏览器显示“Save”对话框。但是浏览器不会在iframe中触发“load”事件。

我尝试过的一种方法是采用多部分回答。所以它会发送一个空的HTML文件,以及附加的可下载文件。

例如:

Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary="abcde"

--abcde
Content-type: text/html

--abcde
Content-type: application/vnd.fdf
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=foo.fdf

file-content
--abcde

这在Firefox中是有效的;它接收空HTML文件,触发“load”事件,然后显示可下载文件的“Save”对话框。但它在ie和Safari浏览器上无法运行;Internet Explorer触发“load”事件,但它不下载文件,而Safari下载文件(带有错误的名称和内容类型),但不触发“load”事件。

另一种方法可能是调用启动文件创建,轮询服务器直到准备就绪,然后下载已经创建的文件。但我宁愿避免在服务器上创建临时文件。

我该怎么办?


当前回答

我在这个配置中遇到了同样的问题:

Struts 1.2.9 jQuery 1.3.2。 jQuery UI 1.7.1.custom Internet Explorer 11 Java 5

我用饼干的解决方案:

客户端:

在提交表单时,调用JavaScript函数隐藏页面并加载等待的旋转器

function loadWaitingSpinner() {
    ... hide your page and show your spinner ...
}

然后,调用一个函数,每500毫秒检查一次cookie是否来自服务器。

function checkCookie() {
    var verif = setInterval(isWaitingCookie, 500, verif);
}

如果找到cookie,停止每500毫秒检查一次,使cookie过期并调用函数返回页面并删除等待spinner (removeWaitingSpinner())。如果您希望能够再次下载另一个文件,过期cookie是很重要的!

function isWaitingCookie(verif) {
    var loadState = getCookie("waitingCookie");
    if (loadState == "done") {
        clearInterval(verif);
        document.cookie = "attenteCookie=done; expires=Tue, 31 Dec 1985 21:00:00 UTC;";
        removeWaitingSpinner();
    }
}

function getCookie(cookieName) {
    var name = cookieName + "=";
    var cookies = document.cookie
    var cs = cookies.split(';');
    for (var i = 0; i < cs.length; i++) {
        var c = cs[i];
        while(c.charAt(0) == ' ') {
            c = c.substring(1);
        }
        if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) {
            return c.substring(name.length, c.length);
        }
    }
    return "";
}

function removeWaitingSpinner() {
    ... come back to your page and remove your spinner ...
}

服务器端:

在服务器进程结束时,向响应添加一个cookie。当您的文件准备好下载时,cookie将被发送到客户端。

Cookie waitCookie = new Cookie("waitingCookie", "done");
response.addCookie(waitCookie);

其他回答

我更新了下面的参考代码添加一个正确的下载URL链接并尝试一下。

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <style type="text/css"> body { padding: 0; margin: 0; } svg:not(:root) { display: block; } .playable-code { background-color: #F4F7F8; border: none; border-left: 6px solid #558ABB; border-width: medium medium medium 6px; color: #4D4E53; height: 100px; width: 90%; padding: 10px 10px 0; } .playable-canvas { border: 1px solid #4D4E53; border-radius: 2px; } .playable-buttons { text-align: right; width: 90%; padding: 5px 10px 5px 26px; } </style> <style type="text/css"> .event-log { width: 25rem; height: 4rem; border: 1px solid black; margin: .5rem; padding: .2rem; } input { width: 11rem; margin: .5rem; } </style> <title>XMLHttpRequest: progress event - Live_example - code sample</title> </head> <body> <div class="controls"> <input class="xhr success" type="button" name="xhr" value="Click to start XHR (success)" /> <input class="xhr error" type="button" name="xhr" value="Click to start XHR (error)" /> <input class="xhr abort" type="button" name="xhr" value="Click to start XHR (abort)" /> </div> <textarea readonly class="event-log"></textarea> <script> const xhrButtonSuccess = document.querySelector('.xhr.success'); const xhrButtonError = document.querySelector('.xhr.error'); const xhrButtonAbort = document.querySelector('.xhr.abort'); const log = document.querySelector('.event-log'); function handleEvent(e) { if (e.type == 'progress') { log.textContent = log.textContent + `${e.type}: ${e.loaded} bytes transferred Received ${event.loaded} of ${event.total}\n`; } else if (e.type == 'loadstart') { log.textContent = log.textContent + `${e.type}: started\n`; } else if (e.type == 'error') { log.textContent = log.textContent + `${e.type}: error\n`; } else if (e.type == 'loadend') { log.textContent = log.textContent + `${e.type}: completed\n`; } } function addListeners(xhr) { xhr.addEventListener('loadstart', handleEvent); xhr.addEventListener('load', handleEvent); xhr.addEventListener('loadend', handleEvent); xhr.addEventListener('progress', handleEvent); xhr.addEventListener('error', handleEvent); xhr.addEventListener('abort', handleEvent); } function runXHR(url) { log.textContent = ''; const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); addListeners(request); request.open('GET', url, true); request.responseType = 'blob'; request.onload = function (e) { var data = request.response; var blobUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(data); var downloadLink = document.createElement('a'); downloadLink.href = blobUrl; downloadLink.download = 'download.zip'; downloadLink.click(); }; request.send(); return request } xhrButtonSuccess.addEventListener('click', () => { runXHR('https://abbbbbc.com/download.zip'); }); xhrButtonError.addEventListener('click', () => { runXHR('http://i-dont-exist'); }); xhrButtonAbort.addEventListener('click', () => { runXHR('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdn/content/main/files/en-us/_wikihistory.json').abort(); }); </script> </body> </html> Return to post

参考:XMLHttpRequest:进度事件,实时示例

问题是在生成文件时有一个“等待”指示器,然后在文件下载后恢复正常。我喜欢这样做的方式是使用一个隐藏的iFrame和钩子帧的onload事件,让我的页面知道什么时候开始下载。

但是onload不会在Internet Explorer中触发文件下载(就像使用附件头令牌一样)。轮询服务器是可行的,但我不喜欢这种额外的复杂性。这就是我所做的:

目标隐藏iFrame像往常一样。 生成内容。用 2分钟内绝对超时。 发送JavaScript重定向回 调用客户端,本质上调用 第二次生成页面。注意:这将导致在Internet Explorer中触发onload事件,因为它就像一个普通页面一样。 从缓存中删除内容并 发送给客户端。

免责声明:不要在繁忙的站点上这样做,因为缓存会增加。但实际上,如果您的站点非常繁忙,那么长时间运行的进程无论如何都会耗尽您的线程。

下面是隐藏代码的样子,这是您真正需要的。

public partial class Download : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlControl Body;

    protected void Page_Load( object sender, EventArgs e )
    {
        byte[ ] data;
        string reportKey = Session.SessionID + "_Report";

        // Check is this page request to generate the content
        //    or return the content (data query string defined)
        if ( Request.QueryString[ "data" ] != null )
        {
            // Get the data and remove the cache
            data = Cache[ reportKey ] as byte[ ];
            Cache.Remove( reportKey );

            if ( data == null )
                // send the user some information
                Response.Write( "Javascript to tell user there was a problem." );
            else
            {
                Response.CacheControl = "no-cache";
                Response.AppendHeader( "Pragma", "no-cache" );
                Response.Buffer = true;

                Response.AppendHeader( "content-disposition", "attachment; filename=Report.pdf" );
                Response.AppendHeader( "content-size", data.Length.ToString( ) );
                Response.BinaryWrite( data );
            }
            Response.End();
        }
        else
        {
            // Generate the data here. I am loading a file just for an example
            using ( System.IO.FileStream stream = new System.IO.FileStream( @"C:\1.pdf", System.IO.FileMode.Open ) )
                using ( System.IO.BinaryReader reader = new System.IO.BinaryReader( stream ) )
                {
                    data = new byte[ reader.BaseStream.Length ];
                    reader.Read( data, 0, data.Length );
                }

            // Store the content for retrieval
            Cache.Insert( reportKey, data, null, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes( 5 ), TimeSpan.Zero );

            // This is the key bit that tells the frame to reload this page
            //   and start downloading the content. NOTE: Url has a query string
            //   value, so that the content isn't generated again.
            Body.Attributes.Add("onload", "window.location = 'binary.aspx?data=t'");
        }
    }

当按钮/链接被单击时创建一个iframe,并将其附加到body。

$('<iframe />')
    .attr('src', url)
    .attr('id', 'iframe_download_report')
    .hide()
    .appendTo('body');

创建一个延迟的iframe,下载后删除。

var triggerDelay =   100;
var cleaningDelay =  20000;
var that = this;
setTimeout(function() {
    var frame = $('<iframe style="width:1px; height:1px;" class="multi-download-frame"></iframe>');
    frame.attr('src', url + "?" + "Content-Disposition: attachment ; filename=" + that.model.get('fileName'));
    $(ev.target).after(frame);
    setTimeout(function() {
        frame.remove();
    }, cleaningDelay);
}, triggerDelay);

我也遇到过同样的问题。我的解决方案是使用临时文件,因为我已经生成了一堆临时文件。提交表格时:

var microBox = {
    show : function(content) {
        $(document.body).append('<div id="microBox_overlay"></div><div id="microBox_window"><div id="microBox_frame"><div id="microBox">' +
        content + '</div></div></div>');
        return $('#microBox_overlay');
    },

    close : function() {
        $('#microBox_overlay').remove();
        $('#microBox_window').remove();
    }
};

$.fn.bgForm = function(content, callback) {
    // Create an iframe as target of form submit
    var id = 'bgForm' + (new Date().getTime());
    var $iframe = $('<iframe id="' + id + '" name="' + id + '" style="display: none;" src="about:blank"></iframe>')
        .appendTo(document.body);
    var $form = this;
    // Submittal to an iframe target prevents page refresh
    $form.attr('target', id);
    // The first load event is called when about:blank is loaded
    $iframe.one('load', function() {
        // Attach listener to load events that occur after successful form submittal
        $iframe.load(function() {
            microBox.close();
            if (typeof(callback) == 'function') {
                var iframe = $iframe[0];
                var doc = iframe.contentWindow.document;
                var data = doc.body.innerHTML;
                callback(data);
            }
        });
    });

    this.submit(function() {
        microBox.show(content);
    });

    return this;
};

$('#myForm').bgForm('Please wait...');

在生成文件的脚本的末尾:

header('Refresh: 0;url=fetch.php?token=' . $token);
echo '<html></html>';

这将导致iframe上的load事件被触发。然后关闭等待消息,然后开始文件下载。它在Internet Explorer 7和Firefox上进行了测试。

我写了一个简单的JavaScript类,实现了一种类似于bulltorious回答中描述的技术。我希望它能对在座的人有用。

GitHub项目被称为response-monitor.js。

默认情况下,它使用spin.js作为等待指示器,但它也为自定义指示器的实现提供了一组回调。

jQuery是支持的,但不是必需的。

显著的特征

简单的集成 没有依赖关系 jQuery插件(可选) js集成(可选) 用于监视事件的可配置回调 同时处理多个请求 服务器端错误检测 超时检测 跨浏览器

示例使用

HTML

<!-- The response monitor implementation -->
<script src="response-monitor.js"></script>

<!-- Optional jQuery plug-in -->
<script src="response-monitor.jquery.js"></script>

<a class="my_anchors" href="/report?criteria1=a&criteria2=b#30">Link 1 (Timeout: 30s)</a>
<a class="my_anchors" href="/report?criteria1=b&criteria2=d#10">Link 2 (Timeout: 10s)</a>

<form id="my_form" method="POST">
    <input type="text" name="criteria1">
    <input type="text" name="criteria2">
    <input type="submit" value="Download Report">
</form>

客户端(纯JavaScript)

// Registering multiple anchors at once
var my_anchors = document.getElementsByClassName('my_anchors');
ResponseMonitor.register(my_anchors); // Clicking on the links initiates monitoring

// Registering a single form
var my_form = document.getElementById('my_form');
ResponseMonitor.register(my_form); // The submit event will be intercepted and monitored

客户端(jQuery)

$('.my_anchors').ResponseMonitor();
$('#my_form').ResponseMonitor({timeout: 20});

带有回调函数的客户端

// When options are defined, the default spin.js integration is bypassed
var options = {
    onRequest: function(token) {
        $('#cookie').html(token);
        $('#outcome').html('');
        $('#duration').html('');
    },
    onMonitor: function(countdown) {
        $('#duration').html(countdown);
    },
    onResponse: function(status) {
        $('#outcome').html(status==1 ? 'success' : 'failure');
    },
    onTimeout: function() {
        $('#outcome').html('timeout');
    }
};

// Monitor all anchors in the document
$('a').ResponseMonitor(options);

服务器(PHP)

$cookiePrefix = 'response-monitor'; // Must match the one set on the client options
$tokenValue = $_GET[$cookiePrefix];
$cookieName = $cookiePrefix.'_'.$tokenValue; // Example: response-monitor_1419642741528

// This value is passed to the client through the ResponseMonitor.onResponse callback
$cookieValue = 1; // For example, "1" can interpret as success and "0" as failure

setcookie(
    $cookieName,
    $cookieValue,
    time() + 300,          // Expire in 5 minutes
    "/",
    $_SERVER["HTTP_HOST"],
    true,
    false
);

header('Content-Type: text/plain');
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"Response.txt\"");

sleep(5); // Simulate whatever delays the response
print_r($_REQUEST); // Dump the request in the text file

有关更多示例,请检查存储库中的examples文件夹。