char *str = "Hello";

上面设置str指向“Hello”字面值，该字面值是硬编码在程序的二进制图像中，在内存中被标记为只读，这意味着这个String字面值的任何更改都是非法的，并且会抛出分割错误。

char str[] = "Hello";

将字符串复制到堆栈上新分配的内存中。因此，对它进行任何更改都是允许的和合法的。

means str[0] = 'M';

将str更改为“Mello”。

如欲了解更多详情，请浏览类似问题:

为什么我得到一个分割错误时写入一个字符串初始化“char *s”而不是“char s[]”?

在下列情况下:

char *x = "fred";

X是左值，它可以被赋值给。但在这种情况下:

char x[] = "fred";

X不是一个左值，它是一个右值——你不能给它赋值。

不同之处在于

char *s = "Hello world";

将“Hello world”放置在内存的只读部分，并将s作为指向它的指针，使得对该内存的任何写入操作都是非法的。

虽然做的事情:

char s[] = "Hello world";

将字面值字符串放在只读内存中，并将字符串复制到堆栈上新分配的内存中。从而使

s[0] = 'J';

合法的。

c99n1256草案

字符串字面量有两种不同的用法:

Initialize char[]: char c[] = "abc"; This is "more magic", and described at 6.7.8/14 "Initialization": An array of character type may be initialized by a character string literal, optionally enclosed in braces. Successive characters of the character string literal (including the terminating null character if there is room or if the array is of unknown size) initialize the elements of the array. So this is just a shortcut for: char c[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', '\0'}; Like any other regular array, c can be modified. Everywhere else: it generates an: unnamed array of char What is the type of string literals in C and C++? with static storage that gives UB if modified So when you write: char *c = "abc"; This is similar to: /* __unnamed is magic because modifying it gives UB. */ static char __unnamed[] = "abc"; char *c = __unnamed; Note the implicit cast from char[] to char *, which is always legal. Then if you modify c[0], you also modify __unnamed, which is UB. This is documented at 6.4.5 "String literals": 5 In translation phase 7, a byte or code of value zero is appended to each multibyte character sequence that results from a string literal or literals. The multibyte character sequence is then used to initialize an array of static storage duration and length just sufficient to contain the sequence. For character string literals, the array elements have type char, and are initialized with the individual bytes of the multibyte character sequence [...] 6 It is unspecified whether these arrays are distinct provided their elements have the appropriate values. If the program attempts to modify such an array, the behavior is undefined.

6.7.8/32“初始化”给出了一个直接的例子:

EXAMPLE 8: The declaration char s[] = "abc", t[3] = "abc"; defines "plain" char array objects s and t whose elements are initialized with character string literals. This declaration is identical to char s[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', '\0' }, t[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c' }; The contents of the arrays are modifiable. On the other hand, the declaration char *p = "abc"; defines p with type "pointer to char" and initializes it to point to an object with type "array of char" with length 4 whose elements are initialized with a character string literal. If an attempt is made to use p to modify the contents of the array, the behavior is undefined.

GCC 4.8 x86-64 ELF实现

计划:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    char *s = "abc";
    printf("%s\n", s);
    return 0;
}

编译和反编译:

gcc -ggdb -std=c99 -c main.c
objdump -Sr main.o

输出包含:

 char *s = "abc";
8:  48 c7 45 f8 00 00 00    movq   $0x0,-0x8(%rbp)
f:  00 
        c: R_X86_64_32S .rodata

结论:GCC将char* it存储在.rodata部分，而不是在.text中。

但是请注意，默认的链接器脚本将.rodata和.text放在同一个段中，该段有执行权限，但没有写权限。这可以观察到:

readelf -l a.out

它包含:

 Section to Segment mapping:
  Segment Sections...
   02     .text .rodata

如果我们对char[]做同样的操作:

 char s[] = "abc";

我们获得:

17:   c7 45 f0 61 62 63 00    movl   $0x636261,-0x10(%rbp)

因此它被存储在堆栈中(相对于%rbp)。

根据这里的注释，应该很明显:char * s = "hello"; 是一个坏主意，应该在非常狭窄的范围内使用。

这可能是指出“const正确性”是一件“好事”的好机会。无论何时何地，你可以使用“const”关键字来保护你的代码，不受“宽松”的调用者或程序员的影响，当指针开始发挥作用时，它们通常是最“宽松”的。

这就是用“const”修饰指针所能达到的效果。 (注意:必须从右向左阅读指针声明。) 以下是在使用指针时保护自己的3种不同方法:

const DBJ* p means "p points to a DBJ that is const" 

-也就是说，DBJ对象不能通过p改变。

DBJ* const p means "p is a const pointer to a DBJ" 

-也就是说，你可以通过p改变DBJ对象，但你不能改变指针p本身。

const DBJ* const p means "p is a const pointer to a const DBJ" 

-也就是说，你不能改变指针p本身，也不能通过p改变DBJ对象。

与尝试常量突变相关的错误在编译时被捕获。const没有运行时空间或速度损失。

(当然，假设你使用的是c++编译器?)

——日本

char s[] = "hello";

声明s为一个char数组，其长度足以容纳初始化式(5 + 1个字符)，并通过将给定字符串文字的成员复制到数组中来初始化数组。

char *s = "hello";

声明为指向一个或多个(在本例中是多个)字符的指针，并将其直接指向一个包含文字“hello”的固定(只读)位置。