我如何找到两个子字符串('123STRINGabc' -> '字符串')之间的字符串?

我现在的方法是这样的:

>>> start = 'asdf=5;'
>>> end = '123jasd'
>>> s = 'asdf=5;iwantthis123jasd'
>>> print((s.split(start))[1].split(end)[0])
iwantthis

然而,这似乎非常低效且不符合python规则。有什么更好的方法来做这样的事情吗?

忘了说: 字符串可能不是以start和end开始和结束的。他们可能会有更多的字符之前和之后。


当前回答

这本质上是cji的答案——7月30日10日5:58。 我更改了try except结构,以便更清楚地说明导致异常的原因。

def find_between( inputStr, firstSubstr, lastSubstr ):
'''
find between firstSubstr and lastSubstr in inputStr  STARTING FROM THE LEFT
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3368969/find-string-between-two-substrings
        above also has a func that does this FROM THE RIGHT   
'''
start, end = (-1,-1)
try:
    start = inputStr.index( firstSubstr ) + len( firstSubstr )
except ValueError:
    print '    ValueError: ',
    print "firstSubstr=%s  -  "%( firstSubstr ), 
    print sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    end = inputStr.index( lastSubstr, start )       
except ValueError:
    print '    ValueError: ',
    print "lastSubstr=%s  -  "%( lastSubstr ), 
    print sys.exc_info()[1]

return inputStr[start:end]    

其他回答

只是把OP自己的解决方案转换成一个答案:

def find_between(s, start, end):
    return (s.split(start))[1].split(end)[0]

这些解决方案假设起始字符串和最终字符串是不同的。下面是当初始和最终指示符相同时,我用于整个文件的解决方案,假设整个文件是使用readlines()读取的:

def extractstring(line,flag='$'):
    if flag in line: # $ is the flag
        dex1=line.index(flag)
        subline=line[dex1+1:-1] #leave out flag (+1) to end of line
        dex2=subline.index(flag)
        string=subline[0:dex2].strip() #does not include last flag, strip whitespace
    return(string)

例子:

lines=['asdf 1qr3 qtqay 45q at $A NEWT?$ asdfa afeasd',
    'afafoaltat $I GOT BETTER!$ derpity derp derp']
for line in lines:
    string=extractstring(line,flag='$')
    print(string)

给:

A NEWT?
I GOT BETTER!

我的方法是,

find index of start string in s => i
find index of end string in s => j

substring = substring(i+len(start) to j-1)

下面是一个函数,我做了返回一个字符串(s)之间的字符串string1和string2搜索列表。

def GetListOfSubstrings(stringSubject,string1,string2):
    MyList = []
    intstart=0
    strlength=len(stringSubject)
    continueloop = 1

    while(intstart < strlength and continueloop == 1):
        intindex1=stringSubject.find(string1,intstart)
        if(intindex1 != -1): #The substring was found, lets proceed
            intindex1 = intindex1+len(string1)
            intindex2 = stringSubject.find(string2,intindex1)
            if(intindex2 != -1):
                subsequence=stringSubject[intindex1:intindex2]
                MyList.append(subsequence)
                intstart=intindex2+len(string2)
            else:
                continueloop=0
        else:
            continueloop=0
    return MyList


#Usage Example
mystring="s123y123o123pp123y6"
List = GetListOfSubstrings(mystring,"1","y68")
for x in range(0, len(List)):
               print(List[x])
output:


mystring="s123y123o123pp123y6"
List = GetListOfSubstrings(mystring,"1","3")
for x in range(0, len(List)):
              print(List[x])
output:
    2
    2
    2
    2

mystring="s123y123o123pp123y6"
List = GetListOfSubstrings(mystring,"1","y")
for x in range(0, len(List)):
               print(List[x])
output:
23
23o123pp123
s = "123123STRINGabcabc"

def find_between( s, first, last ):
    try:
        start = s.index( first ) + len( first )
        end = s.index( last, start )
        return s[start:end]
    except ValueError:
        return ""

def find_between_r( s, first, last ):
    try:
        start = s.rindex( first ) + len( first )
        end = s.rindex( last, start )
        return s[start:end]
    except ValueError:
        return ""


print find_between( s, "123", "abc" )
print find_between_r( s, "123", "abc" )

给:

123STRING
STRINGabc

我认为应该注意的是-根据需要的行为,您可以混合使用index和rindex调用,或者使用上述版本之一(它相当于regex(.*)和(.*?)组)。