序列化意味着在java中持久化对象。如果您希望保存对象的状态，并希望稍后重新构建该状态(可能在另一个JVM中)，则可以使用序列化。

注意，对象的属性只会被保存。如果你想再次恢复对象，你应该有类文件，因为只存储成员变量而不存储成员函数。

eg:

ObjectInputStream oos = new ObjectInputStream(                                 
                                 new FileInputStream(  new File("o.ser")) ) ;
SerializationSample SS = (SearializationSample) oos.readObject();

serializable是一个标记接口，用来标记你的类是可序列化的。标记接口意味着它只是一个空接口，使用该接口将通知JVM该类可以被序列化。

序列化是将一个对象的状态转换为比特的过程，这样它就可以存储在硬盘上。当您反序列化同一对象时，它将在以后保留其状态。它允许您重新创建对象，而无需手动保存对象的属性。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serialization

我喜欢@OscarRyz的礼物方式。虽然在这里我是在继续这个最初由@amitgupta写的连载故事。

即使知道机器人的类结构和序列化的数据，地球的科学家也不能反序列化的数据，可以使机器人工作。

Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException:
SerializeMe; local class incompatible: stream classdesc
:

火星的科学家们正在等待全额付款。一旦付款完成，火星的科学家与地球的科学家分享了序列号。地球科学家把它设置成机器人级别，一切都好了。

敢于回答这个6年前的问题，为Java新手增加了非常高级的理解

什么是序列化?

将对象转换为字节

什么是反序列化?

将字节转换回对象(反序列化)。

什么时候使用序列化?

当我们想持久化对象时。 当我们希望对象在JVM生命周期之后仍然存在时。

现实世界的例子:

ATM:当账户持有人试图通过ATM从服务器取款时，提现明细等账户持有人信息将被序列化并发送到服务器，服务器将这些明细反序列化并用于操作。

在java中如何执行序列化。

实现java.io.Serializable接口(标记接口，所以没有方法实现)。 持久化对象:使用java.io.ObjectOutputStream类，这是一个过滤器流，它是底层字节流的包装器(将object写入文件系统或通过网络传输扁平对象并在另一端重新构建)。

writeObject(<<instance>>) -写入一个对象 readObject()——读取一个序列化的对象

记住:

序列化对象时，只保存对象的状态，不保存对象的类文件或方法。

当你序列化一个2字节的对象时，你会看到51字节的序列化文件。

步骤如何序列化和反序列化对象。

答案:它如何转换为51字节的文件?

First writes the serialization stream magic data (STREAM_MAGIC= "AC ED" and STREAM_VERSION=version of the JVM). Then it writes out the metadata of the class associated with an instance (length of the class, the name of the class, serialVersionUID). Then it recursively writes out the metadata of the superclass until it finds java.lang.Object. Then starts with the actual data associated with the instance. Finally writes the data of objects associated with the instance starting from metadata to the actual content.

你也可以在这里查看我的Youtube视频解释

编辑:阅读的参考链接。

这将回答一些常见的问题:

How not to serialize any field in the class. Ans: use transient keyword When child class is serialized does parent class get serialized? Ans: No, If a parent is not extending the Serializable interface parents field don't get serialized. When a parent is serialized does child class get serialized? Ans: Yes, by default child class also gets serialized. How to avoid child class from getting serialized? Ans: a. Override writeObject and readObject method and throw NotSerializableException. b. also you can mark all fields transient in child class. Some system-level classes such as Thread, OutputStream, and its subclasses, and Socket are not serializable.

序列化是通过将对象转换为字节码来保存对象的特定状态的过程。转换后的字节码用于在2个JVM之间传输对象状态，接收JVM在其中反序列化字节码以检索共享对象的状态。 序列化和反序列化是使用serialVersionUID作为相关jvm中的引用来完成的。

在Java中，使用Serialization和Externalisation接口也可以实现同样的功能

Java对象序列化

序列化是一种将Java对象图转换为用于存储(到磁盘文件)或传输(通过网络)的字节数组的机制，然后通过使用反序列化，我们可以恢复对象图。 使用引用共享机制正确地恢复对象的图。但是在存储之前，请检查input-file/network中的serialVersionUID和.class文件中的serialVersionUID是否相同。如果不是，则抛出java.io.InvalidClassException。

每个版本化的类必须确定它能够为其写入流和从中读取流的原始类版本。例如，一个有版本控制的类必须声明: serialVersionUID的语法 // ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER static final long serialVersionUID = (64-bit has)L; private static final long serialVersionUID = 3487495895819393L;

serialVersionUID是序列化过程所必需的。但是开发人员可以选择将其添加到java源文件中。如果没有包含serialVersionUID，序列化运行时将生成serialVersionUID并将其与类关联。序列化对象将包含这个serialVersionUID以及其他数据。

注意——强烈建议所有可序列化类显式声明serialVersionUID，因为默认的serialVersionUID计算对类细节非常敏感，这些细节可能会根据编译器实现的不同而不同，因此可能会在反序列化期间导致意外的serialVersionUID冲突，导致反序列化失败。

检查可序列化类

Java对象只能序列化。如果一个类或它的任何超类实现了java.io.Serializable接口 或其子接口java.io.Externalizable。

A class must implement java.io.Serializable interface in order to serialize its object successfully. Serializable is a marker interface and used to inform the compiler that the class implementing it has to be added serializable behavior. Here Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is responsible for its automatic serialization. transient Keyword: java.io.Serializable interface While serializing an object, if we don't want certain data members of the object to be serialized we can use the transient modifier. The transient keyword will prevent that data member from being serialized. Fields declared as transient or static are ignored by the serialization process. TRANSIENT & VOLATILE +--------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ | Flag Name | Value | Interpretation | +--------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ | ACC_VOLATILE | 0x0040 | Declared volatile; cannot be cached.| +--------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ |ACC_TRANSIENT | 0x0080 | Declared transient; not written or | | | | read by a persistent object manager.| +--------------+--------+-------------------------------------+ class Employee implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L; static int id; int eno; String name; transient String password; // Using transient keyword means its not going to be Serialized. } Implementing the Externalizable interface allows the object to assume complete control over the contents and format of the object's serialized form. The methods of the Externalizable interface, writeExternal and readExternal, are called to save and restore the objects state. When implemented by a class they can write and read their own state using all of the methods of ObjectOutput and ObjectInput. It is the responsibility of the objects to handle any versioning that occurs. class Emp implements Externalizable { int eno; String name; transient String password; // No use of transient, we need to take care of write and read. @Override public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException { out.writeInt(eno); out.writeUTF(name); //out.writeUTF(password); } @Override public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { this.eno = in.readInt(); this.name = in.readUTF(); //this.password = in.readUTF(); // java.io.EOFException } } Only objects that support the java.io.Serializable or java.io.Externalizable interface can be written to/read from streams. The class of each serializable object is encoded including the class name and signature of the class, the values of the object's fields and arrays, and the closure of any other objects referenced from the initial objects.

文件的序列化示例

public class SerializationDemo {
    static String fileName = "D:/serializable_file.ser";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        Employee emp = new Employee( );
        Employee.id = 1; // Can not Serialize Class data.
        emp.eno = 77;
        emp.name = "Yash";
        emp.password = "confidential";
        objects_WriteRead(emp, fileName);

        Emp e = new Emp( );
        e.eno = 77;
        e.name = "Yash";
        e.password = "confidential";
        objects_WriteRead_External(e, fileName);

        /*String stubHost = "127.0.0.1";
        Integer anyFreePort = 7777;
        socketRead(anyFreePort); //Thread1
        socketWrite(emp, stubHost, anyFreePort); //Thread2*/

    }
    public static void objects_WriteRead( Employee obj, String serFilename ) throws IOException{
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream( new File( serFilename ) );
        ObjectOutputStream objectOut = new ObjectOutputStream( fos );
        objectOut.writeObject( obj );
        objectOut.close();
        fos.close();

        System.out.println("Data Stored in to a file");

        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream( new File( serFilename ) );
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( fis );
            Object readObject;
            readObject = ois.readObject();
            String calssName = readObject.getClass().getName();
            System.out.println("Restoring Class Name : "+ calssName); // InvalidClassException

            Employee emp = (Employee) readObject;
            System.out.format("Obj[No:%s, Name:%s, Pass:%s]", emp.eno, emp.name, emp.password);

            ois.close();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void objects_WriteRead_External( Emp obj, String serFilename ) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File( serFilename ));
        ObjectOutputStream objectOut = new ObjectOutputStream( fos );

        obj.writeExternal( objectOut );
        objectOut.flush();

        fos.close();

        System.out.println("Data Stored in to a file");

        try {
            // create a new instance and read the assign the contents from stream.
            Emp emp = new Emp();

            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File( serFilename ));
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( fis );

            emp.readExternal(ois);

            System.out.format("Obj[No:%s, Name:%s, Pass:%s]", emp.eno, emp.name, emp.password);

            ois.close();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

可通过网络序列化的例子

将对象的状态分布在不同的地址空间中，或者在同一台计算机上的不同进程中，或者甚至在通过网络连接的多台计算机中，但它们通过共享数据和调用方法一起工作。

数据编组 残根和骷髅

/**
 * Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number on the named host. 
 */
public static void socketWrite(Employee objectToSend, String stubHost, Integer anyFreePort) {
    try { // CLIENT - Stub[marshalling]
        Socket client = new Socket(stubHost, anyFreePort);
        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
        out.writeObject(objectToSend);
        out.flush();
        client.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
// Creates a server socket, bound to the specified port. 
public static void socketRead(  Integer anyFreePort ) {
    try { // SERVER - Stub[unmarshalling ]
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket( anyFreePort );
        System.out.println("Server serves on port and waiting for a client to communicate");
            /*System.in.read();
            System.in.read();*/

        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        System.out.println("Client request to communicate on port server accepts it.");

        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
        Employee objectReceived = (Employee) in.readObject();
        System.out.println("Server Obj : "+ objectReceived.name );

        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

@see

实现Serializable和Externalizable