将文件返回为Object: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_serialization.htm

        import java.io.*;

        public class SerializeDemo
        {
           public static void main(String [] args)
           {
              Employee e = new Employee();
              e.name = "Reyan Ali";
              e.address = "Phokka Kuan, Ambehta Peer";
              e.SSN = 11122333;
              e.number = 101;

              try
              {
                 FileOutputStream fileOut =
                 new FileOutputStream("/tmp/employee.ser");
                 ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
                 out.writeObject(e);
                 out.close();
                 fileOut.close();
                 System.out.printf("Serialized data is saved in /tmp/employee.ser");
              }catch(IOException i)
              {
                  i.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
        }

    import java.io.*;
    public class DeserializeDemo
    {
       public static void main(String [] args)
       {
          Employee e = null;
          try
          {
             FileInputStream fileIn = new FileInputStream("/tmp/employee.ser");
             ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(fileIn);
             e = (Employee) in.readObject();
             in.close();
             fileIn.close();
          }catch(IOException i)
          {
             i.printStackTrace();
             return;
          }catch(ClassNotFoundException c)
          {
             System.out.println("Employee class not found");
             c.printStackTrace();
             return;
          }
          System.out.println("Deserialized Employee...");
          System.out.println("Name: " + e.name);
          System.out.println("Address: " + e.address);
          System.out.println("SSN: " + e.SSN);
          System.out.println("Number: " + e.number);
        }
    }

序列化是将对象转换为一系列字节，以便可以轻松地将对象保存到持久存储器或通过通信链路进行流式传输。然后可以反序列化字节流，将其转换为原始对象的副本。

序列化是通过将对象转换为字节码来保存对象的特定状态的过程。转换后的字节码用于在2个JVM之间传输对象状态，接收JVM在其中反序列化字节码以检索共享对象的状态。 序列化和反序列化是使用serialVersionUID作为相关jvm中的引用来完成的。

在Java中，使用Serialization和Externalisation接口也可以实现同样的功能

序列化是将一个对象的状态转换为比特的过程，这样它就可以存储在硬盘上。当您反序列化同一对象时，它将在以后保留其状态。它允许您重新创建对象，而无需手动保存对象的属性。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serialization

我将提供一个类比，以潜在地帮助巩固对象序列化/反序列化的概念目的/实用性。

I imagine object serialization/deserialization in the context of attempting to move an object through a storm drain. The object is essentially "decomposed" or serialized into more modular versions of itself - in this case, a series of bytes - in order to effectively be granted passage through a medium. In a computational sense, we could view the path traveled by the bytes through the storm drain as being akin to bytes traveling through a network. We're transmuting our object in order to conform to a more desirable mode of transportation, or format. The serialized object will typically be stored in a binary file which may later be read from, written to, or both.

也许一旦我们的对象能够作为分解的字节序列通过drain，我们可能希望将对象的表示形式作为二进制数据存储在数据库或硬盘驱动器中。不过，主要的要点是，通过序列化/反序列化，我们可以选择让对象在序列化后保持二进制形式，或者通过执行反序列化来“检索”对象的原始形式。

序列化是将Java对象转换为字节数组，然后再将其转换为保留状态的对象的过程。适用于通过网络发送对象或将内容缓存到磁盘等各种事情。

请阅读这篇简短的文章，它很好地解释了编程过程的一部分，然后转到Serializable javadoc。你也可能对这个相关的问题感兴趣。