一个简单的规则:永远不要使用终结器。

对象具有终结器(不管它执行什么代码)这一事实本身就足以导致相当大的垃圾收集开销。

摘自Brian Goetz的一篇文章:

Objects with finalizers (those that have a non-trivial finalize() method) have significant overhead compared to objects without finalizers, and should be used sparingly. Finalizeable objects are both slower to allocate and slower to collect. At allocation time, the JVM must register any finalizeable objects with the garbage collector, and (at least in the HotSpot JVM implementation) finalizeable objects must follow a slower allocation path than most other objects. Similarly, finalizeable objects are slower to collect, too. It takes at least two garbage collection cycles (in the best case) before a finalizeable object can be reclaimed, and the garbage collector has to do extra work to invoke the finalizer. The result is more time spent allocating and collecting objects and more pressure on the garbage collector, because the memory used by unreachable finalizeable objects is retained longer. Combine that with the fact that finalizers are not guaranteed to run in any predictable timeframe, or even at all, and you can see that there are relatively few situations for which finalization is the right tool to use.

自1998年以来，我一直在从事Java专业工作，但我从未实现过finalize()。一次也没有。

编辑:好吧，这真的不管用。我实现了它，并认为如果它有时失败了，这对我来说是可以的，但它甚至没有调用finalize方法一次。

我不是一个专业的程序员，但在我的程序中，我有一个案例，我认为是一个使用finalize()的好例子，那是一个缓存，在它被销毁之前将其内容写入磁盘。因为它没有必要在每次销毁时都执行，它只会加速我的程序，我希望我没有做错。

@Override
public void finalize()
{
    try {saveCache();} catch (Exception e)  {e.printStackTrace();}
}

public void saveCache() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
{
    ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("temp/cache.tmp"));
    out.writeObject(cache);
}

接受的答案列出了在finalize期间关闭资源的操作。

然而，这个答案表明，至少在使用JIT编译器的java8中，您会遇到意想不到的问题，有时甚至在您完成从对象维护的流中读取之前就调用了终结器。

所以即使在这种情况下，也不建议调用finalize。

finalize()是对JVM的一个提示，建议在未指定的时间执行代码。当您希望代码莫名其妙地无法运行时，这是很好的方法。

在终结器中做任何重要的事情(基本上除了日志)在三种情况下也很好:

您希望打赌其他已完成的对象仍然处于程序其余部分认为有效的状态。 您希望向所有具有终结器的类的所有方法添加大量检查代码，以确保它们在终结后行为正确。 您希望意外地复活已完成的对象，并花费大量时间试图弄清楚为什么它们不起作用，和/或为什么它们在最终释放时没有最终完成。

If you think you need finalize(), sometimes what you really want is a phantom reference (which in the example given could hold a hard reference to a connection used by its referand, and close it after the phantom reference has been queued). This also has the property that it may mysteriously never run, but at least it can't call methods on or resurrect finalized objects. So it's just right for situations where you don't absolutely need to close that connection cleanly, but you'd quite like to, and the clients of your class can't or won't call close themselves (which is actually fair enough - what's the point of having a garbage collector at all if you design interfaces that require a specific action be taken prior to collection? That just puts us back in the days of malloc/free.)

Other times you need the resource you think you're managing to be more robust. For example, why do you need to close that connection? It must ultimately be based on some kind of I/O provided by the system (socket, file, whatever), so why can't you rely on the system to close it for you when the lowest level of resource is gced? If the server at the other end absolutely requires you to close the connection cleanly rather than just dropping the socket, then what's going to happen when someone trips over the power cable of the machine your code is running on, or the intervening network goes out?

免责声明:我以前在JVM实现上工作过。我讨厌终结者。

iirc——你可以使用finalize方法作为实现昂贵资源池机制的一种手段——这样它们就不会得到GC了。